Cervical Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potentials: Norms and Protocols

Abstract

Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential (VEMP) testing is a vestibular function test used for evaluating saccular and inferior vestibular nerve function. Parameters of VEMP testing include VEMP threshold, latencies of p1 and n1, and p1-n1 interamplitude. Less commonly used parameters were p1-n1 interlatency, interaural difference of p1 and n1 latency, and interaural amplitude difference (IAD) ratio. This paper recommends using air-conducted 500 Hz tone burst auditory stimulation presented monoaurally via an inserted ear phone while the subject is turning his head to the contralateral side in the sitting position and recording the responses from the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle. Normative values of VEMP responses in 50 normal audiovestibular volunteers were presented. VEMP testing protocols and normative values in other literature were reviewed and compared. The study is beneficial to clinicians as a reference guide to set up VEMP testing and interpretation of the VEMP responses.

Comparison of Tone Burst, Click and Chirp Stimulation in Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential Testing in Healthy People

“…It is hypothesized that this occurs because stimulation at all frequencies results in shorter cochlear stimulation [6] . The P13 latency duration results in our study agree with those reported in literature [1][2][3] . We obtained the longest latency with the tone burst stimulation, which is also in accordance with literature.…”

“…A large amount of data has been obtained by changing several parameters, such as electrode positioning, patient position (e.g., supine, sitting), stimulus type (e.g., tone burst, click), and stimulus application (air or bone conduction) [1][2][3][4][5] . Current literature reports a VEMP response rate of 80-100% [2,3] . Our study also obtained a high response rate.…”

“…Many parameters are used to obtain normative values for VEMP testing, including stimulus type, electrode location, patient position, and electromyography record method and evaluation [1,2] . However, because of differences in testing methods and personal differences, there are no standard procedures or normative values yet [2,3] . Thus, the aim of this study is to compare the effects of tone burst, click, and chirp stimulation used in VEMP on the latency and amplitude of myogenic potentials.…”

Aetiology of Vertigo as Seen at the Federal Medical Center Lokoja, North Central Nigeria

“…However, the lower modal age is similar to that found in this study. Vertigo prevalence found in this study is 2.0% and this is low when compared to other studies done in time past [11][12][13]. This low prevalence may be due to lack of awareness by the communities where the hospital is located or patients perhaps deciding to use alternative traditional medication due to the level of growing poverty amongst our people.…”

The Clinical Utility of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Patients of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

“…The gold standard vestibular function test is Electronystagmography (ENG) [4]. The caloric test induces vertigo and assesses only the horizontal semicircular canal function [5].…”