Cervicovaginal secretions protect from human papillomavirus infection: Effects of vaginal douching

Abstract

This study confirms the protective activity of CVSs against HPV infection regardless of age. In this in vitro study, the net effect of douching was found to be beneficial.

Human papillomavirus genotype distribution and factors associated among female sex workers in West Africa

“…On the other hand, the relationship between vaginal douching and higher rates of genital infections, including STIs/ HPV, is well documented in the general population [38,39]. Supporting these findings are local immune system disturbance and removal of the cervical mucus protective barrier [40]. In contrast, a study in Cambodia found less HPV infections in FSWs practicing vaginal douching just after sexual intercourse [41].…”

Intravaginal practices and genital human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Cambodia

“…This supposition was supported by an in vitro study showing that washing within 30 minutes after HPV exposure, the approximate amount of time needed for HPV to attach to cells, could prevent 90.0% of HPV infection. 38 Second, most Cambodian FSWs used their fingers for intravaginal washing; very few used a commercial douching device as did US women. Thus, microabrasions of the vaginal epithelium might have occurred less frequently.…”

“…5,37 Vaginal douching or wiping may also disturb local innate immunity or remove cervicovaginal mucus secretions that serve as a protective barrier against HPV. 38 Some chemicals used in intravaginal cleansing (e.g., soaps, detergents, or antiseptics) may cause epithelial damage, increase vaginal pH, facilitate bacterial vaginosis, and thus facilitate viral infections. 5 In contrast, intravaginal cleansing, particularly after sexual intercourse, may help to clear the transmitted HPV and reduce infection risk.…”