Cestode in North Dakota: Echinococcus in Field Mice

Abstract

Field mice (Microtus pennsylvanicus and Peromyscus maniculatus) are naturally infected with Echinococcus multilocularis. Thus, the sylvatic cycle (fox to field mice to fox) has been established in North Dakota. This cestode is expected to extend its range to other agricultural regions of the continental United States where similar conditions favorable for the completion of its life cycle exist.

Studies on Sylvatic Echinococcosis. III. Host Occurrence and Geographic Distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis in the North Central United States

“…The purpose of this paper is to summarize these findings, with remarks on their epidemiological significance. Some of the data presented herein have been reported in previous papers (Leiby, 1965;Carney and Leiby, 1968). These papers and other reports on the sylvatic occurrence of E. multilocularis in the conterminous United States and southern Canada are summarized in Table I.…”

“…The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with Mayer's carmalum. Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord North Dakota Leiby (1965) Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Hnatiuk (1966) Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) North Dakota Leiby (1965) Minnesota Carney and Leiby (1968) Winnipeg, Manitoba Leiby et al (1969) Lee (1969 Vulpes vulpes L. North Dakota Leiby and Olsen (1964) Richards (1966) Rausch (1967) Saskatoon, Saskatchewan Hnatiuk (1969) Minnesota Camey and Leiby (1968) * Rausch (1967) concluded that the report by Magath (1965) of E. multilocularis cysts from the liver of a beef cow in Iowa was based upon the multivesicular form of E. granulosus.…”

“…With the finding of cysts of the cestode in rodents in North Dakota, Leiby (1965) concluded that E. multilocularis was now established in central North America and would extend its range eventually to other agricultural regions where conditions are equally favorable for completion of its life cycle. The extensive geographic area and natural hosts from which E. multilocularis has been isolated in this study amply confirm the above predictions and emphasize the importance and complexity of sylvatic echinococcosis in the continental United States.…”

On the Ecology and Distribution of Echinococcus spp. (Cestoda : Taeniidae), and Characteristics of their Development in the Intermediate Host

“…The larval stage has been found in the meadow vole, Microtus pennsylvanicus Ord, and in the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner), by Leiby (1965) and by S. H. Richards, North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Bismarck (unpublished data). Findings in a large series of red foxes examined by Rausch and Richards indicate that the Cestode is widely established in North Dakota.…”

Amyloid enhancing factor activity is associated with ubiquitin

“…The life cycle of E. mU/liiocu/aris in central North America involves the red fox and coyotes as final hosts; up to 70 percent of red foxes in North Dakota were found to be infected (Leiby andOlsen 1964, Leiby 1965). …”