Cetacean Diversity Revealed from Whale-Watching Observations in Northern Peru

Pacheco, Aldo S.; Silva, Sebastián; Alcorta, Belén; Gubbins, Salvador; Guidino, Chiara; Sanchez-Salazar, Fiorella; Petit, Andrea; Llapapasca, Miguel A.; Balducci, Nadia; Larrañaga, Eduardo; Zapata, María Alejandra Isturiz; Grados, Estefanía; Valdivia, Camila A.; Pinasco, Giancarlo; García-Cegarra, Ana M.; Cáceres, Daniel; Biffi, Daniella; Silva, Lorena; Auger, Andrea; Borda, Daniella; Reyes, Ana Belen; Carnero-Huamán, Romina; Villagra, Damian; Duque, Esteban; Pinilla, Santiago; Ransome, Nicola; Suarez, Ana Paula; Jaramillo-Calle, Vannesa

doi:10.1578/am.45.1.2019.116

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Recent sightings of this species on the northern and southern coast (e.g. Pacheco et al, 2019;Testino et al, 2019) (Fig. 2B) indicate that this species is still observed in Peru.…”

Section: Blue Whale (B Musculus)mentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In 2012 and 2013, two individuals were reported off Piura; and in 2016, 16 individuals were present during 12 sightings (Fig. 2B) (Castro et al, 2017;Pacheco et al, 2019). Sightings of singles were the most frequent, although two mother-calf pairs were observed milling (Castro et al, 2017).…”

Section: Bryde's Whale (B Edeni Brydei)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, on 15 May 2017, a sighting on the northern coast suggested that they would also be close to Ecuador, and possibly returning to Peru (Fig. 2B) (Pacheco et al, 2019).…”

Section: Fin Whale (B Physalus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abundance and spatial distribution of baleen and sperm whales in the Peruvian sea: a historical review

Casamayor

Guidino²,

Pacheco

2022

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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Historical accounts of large whales in Peruvian waters existed before modern commercial whaling. Research on baleen and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales was intense during whaling, thus producing essential knowledge on these species. The populations of large whales have declined considerably with whaling pressure since 1925 in Peruvian waters. After the whaling moratorium in 1985, research on these species decreased, and a considerable gap in knowledge exists until nowadays. This review aims to conduct a historical analysis of the spatial distribution and abundance of baleen and sperm whales in the waters of Peru. During whaling, sperm whale distribution and abundance received most of the research effort as this species was the most important target of the whaling fleet. Also, blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and Bryde’s whale (B. edeni brydei) were considered abundant in Peru. Changes in their distribution and abundance were evaluated mainly based on captures or climatic events. Following the cessation of whaling, sightings of these species were restricted to occasional surveys, limiting the assessment of possible current changes in their distribution and abundance, as well as the updating of existing information. Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) were considered overexploited at the beginning of commercial whaling. After the moratorium, this species population started to grow, expanding its distribution along the northern coast. Currently, the humpback whale is the most studied species due to the onset of whale-watching activities in 2009. This allowed us to update and increase the knowledge about its distribution and abundance in northern Peru. The findings of this study point at a need to considerably increase the research effort on large whales, particularly surveys to estimate population sizes of the species inhabiting the waters of Peru.

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“…Recent sightings of this species on the northern and southern coast (e.g. Pacheco et al, 2019;Testino et al, 2019) (Fig. 2B) indicate that this species is still observed in Peru.…”

Section: Blue Whale (B Musculus)mentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Bryde's Whale (B Edeni Brydei)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abundance and spatial distribution of baleen and sperm whales in the Peruvian sea: a historical review

Casamayor

Guidino²,

Pacheco

2022

Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Mamm.

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“…Esto ocurre por un monitoreo gubernamental deficiente y la consecuente falta de regulaciones, la competencia entre los operadores turísticos, su falta de autoorganización y otras amenazas antropogénicas (Pacheco et al, 2021). Por este motivo, diferentes autores que han hecho estudios previos en la zona norte del Perú mencionan que, a medida que ocurre este crecimiento, la actividad puede generar efectos negativos en la población de ballenas jorobadas, y sugieren que se desarrolle una serie de recomendaciones y normas con apoyo de entes reguladores para lograr un correcto manejo de la actividad (Kessler y Harcourt, 2013;Chalcobsky et al, 2017;Garcia Cegarra et al, 2018;Gleason y Parsons, 2019;Pacheco et al, 2019;Schuler et al, 2019;Burnham et al, 2021).…”

Section: Enfoque Y Discusiónunclassified

Avistamiento de ballenas en el Perú: estado actual y recomendaciones para su buen control

Weydert

2021

S. Sust

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La actividad de avistamiento de ballenas jorobadas en el norte del Perú, durante su temporada de reproducción y crianza, viene experimentando un crecimiento significativo en el sector recreativo. Esta actividad es regulada a través de la Resolución Ministerial 451-2019-PRODUCE, la cual solo menciona distancias mínimas de acercamiento a los cetáceos. Se proponen ocho sugerencias fundamentales para la mejora de esta actividad: un adecuado posicionamiento, distancia y cantidad máxima de embarcaciones, regulación del tiempo máximo de avistamiento, disminución de velocidad en la zona de precaución, alejamiento en dirección opuesta al individuo o grupo e indicaciones en caso de avistar un individuo enmallado. Estas sugerencias favorecerán la conservación de la especie y que la actividad sea sostenible en el tiempo en términos económicos, educativos y turísticos.

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“…For traveling behavior, the swimming speed significantly increased, and trends showed increased reorientation and a decrease in the directness index in the "after" WW scenario, which suggests perturbation of the INTRODUCTION Whale-watching (WW) is one of the fastest-growing tourism industries in a number of countries in recent decades, providing both economic and socioenvironmental benefits. WW has allowed the tourists who take part in it to gain increased knowledge of the biology and diversity of the species of whale seen and the environments in which they live (Filby et al, 2015;Pacheco et al, 2019). Local communities of artisanal fishers who participate in this economic activity benefit by diversifying from their traditional fishing activities, which allows them to increase their sources of income as fishing resources decrease (Parsons et al, 2003;Garrod and Wilson, 2004;Hoyt and Iñíguez, 2008;Guidino et al, 2020).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Whale-Watching on the Short-Term Behavior of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in a Marine Protected Area in the Southeastern Pacific

et al. 2021

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Whale-watching (WW) is an activity which has been increasing worldwide due to the great interest of tourists and the economic benefits it provides to local communities. However, it has been reported that this activity affects the behavioral patterns of some cetaceans, although for some species such as the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) this has not been extensively studied. To identify the effects of WW on the behavioral patterns of this species, we studied its traveling and resting behaviors in a locality of north-central Chile from 2015 to 2018. Using a theodolite, we calculated the response variables of swim speed, directness index, and reorientation for each behavior. We used the number of WW boats and the WW scenarios of “before”, “during”, and “after” the presence of boats as possible factors to explain the differences in the response variables of the whales, along with the factors of year, month, group size, and distance from the observation point. Reorientation increased significantly and the directness index decreased significantly for both traveling and resting behaviors from “before” to “during” WW scenarios, indicating more erratic and sinuous movements in the presence of boats. These changes in movement patterns are a commonly reported evasion response of cetaceans to the presence of WW boats. For traveling behavior, the swimming speed significantly increased, and trends showed increased reorientation and a decrease in the directness index in the “after” WW scenario, which suggests perturbation of the whales potentially associated with the speed and the direction in which the boats left. During resting behavior, the trajectories of the fin whales became straighter (decrease in reorientation) as the number of boats increased, thus evasion (more erratic and sinuous movements) is a behavior used less by fin whales as the number of boats increases. Notwithstanding the fact that tourism development in the study area is small in scale, we found that WW generates adverse effects that are reflected in changes in the whales’ movement patterns. This kind of information is valuable to the adjustment and/or design of management strategies for the species, which is fundamental for WW to continue to be a sustainable activity.

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Cetacean Diversity Revealed from Whale-Watching Observations in Northern Peru

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Abundance and spatial distribution of baleen and sperm whales in the Peruvian sea: a historical review

Abundance and spatial distribution of baleen and sperm whales in the Peruvian sea: a historical review

Avistamiento de ballenas en el Perú: estado actual y recomendaciones para su buen control

Impacts of Whale-Watching on the Short-Term Behavior of Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in a Marine Protected Area in the Southeastern Pacific

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