CFD modeling of the coke combustion in an industrial FCC regenerator

Amblard, Benjamin; Singh, Raj Kumar; Gbordzoe, Eusebius; Raynal, Ludovic

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2016.12.055

Cited by 39 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The temperature in the dense bed is one of the most important variables in the regenerator because heat from the 'clean' catalyst is going to be used to provide energy for the endothermic cracking reactions in the riser reactor. Some researchers [19,29,144,146] reported commercial regenerator dense bed temperatures of 907-1040 K. In each case, the difference between dense bed and freeboard temperature is between 3 and 40 K. These data are consistent with simulations results shown in Figure 4d [18,134]. The final temperature in the dense bed is determined by the initial weight fraction of coke on the catalyst, the temperature and flow rate of air through the bed, the catalyst circulation rate and the height of the bed.…”

Section: Fcc Regenerator Performance Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to the lack of plant/commercial data about axial profiles of gas composition in the regenerator, the reason for this is likely linked to the difficulty of making these measurements during the normal operation of the unit. However, regenerator models employing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tackled this problem correctly [29][30][31]62,147].…”

Section: Fcc Regenerator Performance Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This coupling makes the catalyst transport line and associated valves important features for any model of the FCC unit. By taking the pressure across the slide valve into account, the flow rate of catalyst through the transport line can be calculated from Equation (29) [10,18]:…”

Section: Catalyst Transport Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Modelling of the FCC Unit—Part II: The Regenerator

et al. 2022

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Heavy petroleum industries, including the Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC) unit, are among some of the biggest contributors to global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The FCC unit’s regenerator is where these emissions originate mostly, meaning the operation of FCC regenerators has come under scrutiny in recent years due to the global mitigation efforts against climate change, affecting both current operations and the future of the FCC unit. As a result, it is more important than ever to develop models that are accurate and reliable at predicting emissions of various greenhouse gases to keep up with new reporting guidelines that will help optimise the unit for increased coke conversion and lower operating costs. Part 1 of this paper was dedicated to reviewing the riser section of the FCC unit. Part 2 reviews traditional modelling methodologies used in modelling and simulating the FCC regenerator. Hydrodynamics and kinetics of the regenerator are discussed in terms of experimental data and modelling. Modelling of constitutive parts that are important to the FCC unit, such as gas–solid cyclones and catalyst transport lines, are also considered. This review then identifies areas where the current generation of models of the regenerator can be improved for the future. Parts 1 and 2 are such that a comprehensive review of the literature on modelling the FCC unit is presented, showing the guidance and framework followed in building models for the unit.

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Section: Fcc Regenerator Performance Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fcc Regenerator Performance Predictionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of Modelling of the FCC Unit—Part II: The Regenerator

et al. 2022

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“…In oil and gas industry, numerical modeling is widely employed for development of novel, improved technologies. Incorporation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) solvers for detailed understanding of the hydrodynamic (mixing) aspects of the flow chemical reactors is a common element of all recent numerical models [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Two‐Fluid Hydrodynamic Model for a Riser Reactor

et al. 2022

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ANSYS Fluent is used to examine the mixing of catalyst zeolite particles with petroleum feedstock and water vapor in a fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) riser. A two-fluid model is developed for tracking catalyst particles and gas mixture in a riser, modeling the granular and gaseous phases as two interpenetrating continua. The hydrodynamic flows are analyzed with the aim to single out the principal physical effects that determine the distribution of particles. The results are compared with a study that is based on a non-isothermal reactive model. It is demonstrated that the simplistic purely hydrodynamic model generates similar flow fields. The developed model is valuable for improvements of modern FCC risers. The model is applied for understanding the hydrodynamics of an S-200 KT-1/1 industrial unit.

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“…Thanks to the high efficiency of mixing, mass and heat transfer of the gas-solid fluidized beds, it has become an indispensable equipment in many industrial applications, such as the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) process in the petroleum refineries (Amblard et al, 2017). In order to optimize its design and improve its performance, the gas-solid fluidized bed has been widely studied in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%