CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment

Sofotasiou, Polytimi; Hughes, Ben Richard; Ghаni, Sаud

doi:10.1051/sbuild/2017006

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The current existing stadium design optimization studies focus on the modifications of roof configuration. Sofotasiou et al 17 conducted a non-parametric regression analysis to optimize both symmetric and asymmetric roof designs by using coupled CFD-response surface methodology optimization tools, in order to create enhanced wind environmental conditions. Both types of optimal roof designs satisfied the maximum allowed wind comfort thresholds of 3.6 m=s for stadiums.…”

Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

Zhong

Calautit

Hughes

2019

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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After winning the bid of the FIFA’s World Cup 2022, Qatar is facing the greatest challenges in terms of minimizing substantial energy consumptions for air-conditioning of stadiums and maintaining aero-thermal comfort for both players and spectators inside stadiums. This paper presents the results of temperature distributions and wind environment of the original stadium under the hot-humid climate and improvements on them for optimized scenarios of cooling jets. A combined computational fluid dynamics and building energy simulation approach was used to analyse the cooling performance and energy consumption per match of cooling air jets for 10 scenarios with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and locations of jets. The optimal scenario is to employ vertical jets above the upper tiers at supply temperature of 20°C and velocities of 2–12 m/s, integrated with horizontal jets of the same temperature at the lower tiers with 4 m/s and around the pitch with 7 m/s. This scenario can maintain the spectator tiers at an average temperature of 22°C and reduce the maximum predicted percentage of dissatisfied of thermal comfort from the original 100% to 63% for the pitch and 19% for the tiers, respectively. In terms of the energy consumption for the air-conditioning system per match, compared with one of the 2010 South Africa World Cup stadiums Royal Bafokeng stadium which consumed approximately 22.8 MWh energy for air-conditioning in winter (highest outdoor temperature 24.4°C), the maximum energy consumption of the optimal scenario in November (highest outdoor temperature 34.2°C) can reach 108 MWh. In addition, the spectator zones with scenario 8 have the potential to be resilient to the seasonal change of outdoor temperature if slight modifications of the supply velocities and precise temperature control on the spectator zones are applied. Moreover, the configurations presented in this paper can be used as a foundation of jets arrangement for future stadium retrofits in the hot climates. Practical application: This study assesses the aero-thermal conditions of a case study stadium under the hot climate of Qatar and explores the potential of applying cooling jets with different supply velocities, supply temperatures and their locations on the enhancement of both thermal and wind environment of spectator tiers and pitch. The assessment of the original stadium indicates that the ascending curved roof structure impedes the fresh air entering into the stadium and results in an asymmetric temperature distribution on the spectator tiers. The optimized design suggests a combination of vertical jets under the roof and both three arrays of horizontal jets at lower tiers and around pitch for future stadium optimizations in hot climates. It also recommends enhancing the thermal conditions on the pitch by optimizing the velocity of horizontal jets around the pitch. Moreover, the future design of the exact stadiums to be resilient to the seasonal changing outdoor temperature can be implemented based on scenario 8.

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Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

Zhong

Calautit

Hughes

2019

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

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“…The solution was solved using ANSYS Fluent 15.0 with a finite volume method. The 2-equation k-ε model was selected for turbulence simulation, for it has been widely used in studies on urban wind environment [11,[50][51][52][53]. A standard wall function was used, and the solution algorithm was the SIMPLE algorithm.…”

Section: Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

CFD Simulation of the Wind Field in Jinjiang City Using a Building Data Generalization Method

Qiu

Shen

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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The urban wind environment is an important element of urban microclimates and plays an important role in the quality of the urban environment. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation method is an important means for urban wind field research. However, CFD simulation has high requirements for computer hardware and software. In this paper, based on geographic information system (GIS) technology, a new building data generalization method was developed to solve the problems of a huge amount of data and calculations in urban-scale CFD wind field simulations. Using Fluent software and high-precision urban building geographic information data with elevation attributes, the method was applied to Jinjiang City, Fujian Province, China. A CFD simulation of the wind field of Jinjiang City was implemented, and detailed, intuitive wind field information was obtained, which were compared with the measured data. The results show that the building data generalization method could effectively improve the efficiency of the city's overall wind field CFD simulation. The simulated wind speed was significantly correlated with the measured data, but it was overestimated. The simulated wind direction was consistent with the measured data of most stations. The simulation results were reasonable and could provide reference for application and subsequent research.

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“…A joint study by the Universities of Sheffield and Qatar (Sofotasiou, Hughes, & Ghani, 2017) investigated "the parameters that determine the wind comfort in a twodimensional stadium model." The study comprised of two separate geometry optimisations; symmetric and asymmetric terraces.…”

Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of natural shading, however, must be adapted for stadium design. With the findings of the roof optimisation study (Sofotasiou et al, 2017) suggesting a smaller terrace reduces the wind velocities inside the stadium bowl, a preliminary conclusion is drawn to hypothesise that a larger terrace will encourage wind velocities to be used as a form of natural ventilation whilst providing increased levels of shading to the pitch. Qatar's average windspeed of 8mph (Ghani et al, 2017) (3.6m/s) suggests that natural ventilation is a viable solution but would result in a high Reynold's number and hence yield unpredictable, turbulent wind patterns.…”

Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The challenge that can be deduced from this existing project, therefore, is to limit the wind from impacting the interior of the stadium should mechanical ventilation be used. The wind velocities experienced inside the stadium bowl can be used as a form of natural ventilation (Sofotasiou et al, 2017), but any interference with external wind will remove any colder air generated inside the stadium (Kennett, 2017).…”

Section: Previous Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the impact of roof configurations on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

Bonser

Hughes

Calautit

2019

International Journal of Ventilation

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he present study provides an analysis of existing literature encompassing the wind and thermal analysis of football stadia, and how both can be manipulated through the modification of roof geometry. It introduces the potential for cooling strategies to create an internal environment capable of hosting elite-level international football in a hot climate. The motivation for the study stems from an absence of existing literature focussing on thermal flow in hot conditions for stadia and the requirement to investigate the hosting capabilities of Qatar for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Stadium design plays a crucial role in determining the success of the tournament not only through the month-long event, but also with the legacy it leaves afterwards. To carry out the analysis, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted in an effort to produce internal conditions that satisfy official FIFA guidelines on optimal playing conditions in terms of wind and temperature distribution. These are ran on a model validated against existing literature to ensure accuracy, but considering the potential for error between model generations. The conclusions drawn suggest that a downward-pitched, large-radius retractable roof subsidised by the introduction of a mechanical system to create a cooling strategy reduces the external temperature down to 23ºC, with wind velocities not exceeding 4m/s. Reinforced by results, these desired playing conditions can be achieved by closing the roof to precondition the stadium before an event, with the roof then retracted to ensure compliance with FIFA guidelines. The results from the present study can be a component in achieving a sustained positive legacy for the upcoming FIFA World Cup.

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CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment

Cited by 8 publications

References 36 publications

Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

Analysis of the influence of cooling jets on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

CFD Simulation of the Wind Field in Jinjiang City Using a Building Data Generalization Method

Investigation of the impact of roof configurations on the wind and thermal environment in football stadiums in hot climates

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