CFD Study on the Ventilation System and Shape Configuration of Underground Car Park in Case of Fire

Santoso, Muhammad Agung; Bey, Zilvan; Nugroho, Yulianto Sulistyo

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.758.143

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…A lot of fire simulations have been performed by other researchers such as [4,12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] due to the reliability of FDS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification and Validation of Fire Dynamic Simulator for Enclosed Car Park

Tharima¹,

Rahman²,

Yusoff³

2017

IJMO

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Abstract-When fire occurs, smoke is detrimental to human health and interrupts the evacuation process if it is not controlled properly. Due to the existence of beams in a building, smoke tends to stagnate near the obstacles and recirculates, further delaying the evacuation process. In the current study, Fire Dynamic Simulator (FDS) is employed as a numerical tool to simulate smoke propagation. The numerical result is then compared with the available experimental data obtained from the literature. It is found that the agreement between the numerical and experimental results is promising. From this study, it is shown that FDS can indeed be used to model the smoke propagation in an enclosed car park; hence, it can be utilised to generate other CFD models related to fire simulation.

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“…A lot of fire simulations have been performed by other researchers such as [4,12,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] due to the reliability of FDS.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification and Validation of Fire Dynamic Simulator for Enclosed Car Park

Tharima¹,

Rahman²,

Yusoff³

2017

IJMO

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“…In literature, different car fire source treatments were implemented for car fire smoke simulations. Santoso [13] set the fire source of 10MW steady state HRR with soot and CO yield of 0.01 and 0.1 respectively. Eimermann [2] recommends soot yield of 0.1 to 0.2 and He 20 to 40J /kg, which leads to soot production of minimum of 5.8kg to 68kg in 10 to 20 minutes.…”

Section: Fire Smoke Source For Car Park Numerical Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many smoke control systems design validation studies have been published recently using CFD simulations. Santoso [13] studied the effect of horizontal ventilation system and its thrust direction on the spread of smoke, as well as, the impact of additional building structure on smoke flow pattern and extraction effectiveness. X. Deckers [1] study presented a full-scale fire and smoke CFD simulation and showed the effect of structural beams on the spread of smoke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Underground Car Park Smoke Management System Design Validation Using CFD Simulation: Car Fire Products Yields Rates system

Nakamura¹,

Hajjawi²

2022

Proceedings of the 8th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering

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Smoke management systems design is very important as it affect saving human lives in case of fire. The majority of firerelated deaths are caused by smoke inhalation of toxic gases, only 30% of deaths are due to fire burns. Recently, a great attention has been given to smoke management systems design validation using CFD simulations to ensure its effectiveness and compliance with fire codes regulations. CFD smoke simulation usually conducted using the inert fire species transport model, in which the fire source values specified at the fire inlet are assumed to be equivalent to an actual car fire products generation rates. Nonetheless, with the lack of a comprehensive conclusion on actual car fire products generation rates in literature, fire codes usually specify a certain fuel to represent a car fire, such as polyurethane as per UAE fire code. Considering the aforementioned, this work reviews literature on both polyurethane and actual car fires products generation rates, in an effort to conclude a proper fire products generation rates for CFD smoke simulations. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the use of the concluded fire source values to validate an underground car park smoke management systems design of a residential tower in UAE. The design is validated in compliance with the UAE fire code regulations considering both fire products concentrations and visibility analysis. The simulation results shows considerable difference in smoke generation between actual car fire and polyurethane fire. Mainly due to polyurethane higher fire growth rate and soot generation rates. On the other hand, the results illustrate that the smoke management system design satisfies the fire code CO and CO2 concentrations limits, yet it failed to comply with the fire code visibility requirements when polyurethane was used as fire source.

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“…The numerical simulation was performed in the (Autodesk CFD, Ansys, SimScale) modelling environment, and the purpose of the study is to determine the behaviour of a ventilation system with impulse fans operating in an underground car park, to identify possible methods of streamlining the system. [2], [3], [6], [13], [17], [19] For the analysis of the scenarios considered in the present study, a P2 type underground parking lot with a capacity of 250 vehicles was used. The car park has a single level located in the basement of an office building, with an area of 6750 m 2 and a height of 3.5 m, resulting in a total volume of 23625 m 3 .…”

Section: Numerical Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

21. Performance of Ventilation and Smoke Exhaust Systems in Case of Fire in Underground Parking Lots: Case Study

Bălan¹,

Verdeș²,

Ciocan³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of International Conference Building Services and Energy Efficiency

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The purpose of this study was to analyse a ventilation system with impulse fans, which acts to ensure optimal air parameters and to evacuate smoke in case of fire in an underground car park. Given the number of parameters to be taken into account in the spread of smoke, there is a high chance of introducing calculation errors if only conventional methods are used. In this study, CFD simulations were used to compare the various stages of operation of the ventilation system, as well as their effectiveness in the proposed scenarios. In the case of the ventilation scenario, the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) reached maximum values of 360 PPM, exceeding the maximum allowed value of 100 PPM, this endangering the users of the underground car park. In the second phase, we analysed the operation of the ventilation system simultaneously with that of the impulse fans for the two targeted functions and in this case the maximum concentration reached was 60 PPM, which indicates that this system configuration fulfils the function for which it was designed. The results showed, in the case of the scenarios, that the addition of impulse fans as complementary elements to the ventilation system substantially improved the reduction in the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and increased fire visibility in the parking lot.

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CFD Study on the Ventilation System and Shape Configuration of Underground Car Park in Case of Fire

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Verification and Validation of Fire Dynamic Simulator for Enclosed Car Park

Verification and Validation of Fire Dynamic Simulator for Enclosed Car Park

Underground Car Park Smoke Management System Design Validation Using CFD Simulation: Car Fire Products Yields Rates system

21. Performance of Ventilation and Smoke Exhaust Systems in Case of Fire in Underground Parking Lots: Case Study

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