CgHog1 controls the adaptation to both sorbitol and fludioxonil in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Li, Yangfan; He, Puhuizhong; Tian, Chengming; Wang, Yonglin

doi:10.1016/j.fgb.2019.103289

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Plant pathogenic fungi may face hyperosmotic stress during infection of tissues with high sugar contents and survival in desiccated plant tissues. The HOG pathway is conserved in fungal pathogens for regulating adaptive responses to hyperosmotic stress, including the synthesis and retention of compatible osmolytes such as glycerol, arabitol, and sorbitol (Dixon et al 1999;Zheng et al 2016;Li et al 2020). Deletion of HOG1 orthologs results in increased sensitivity to hyperosmotic stress in all the plant pathogenic fungi studied.…”

Section: Osmotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of biotic interactions and responses to abiotic stresses by MAP kinase pathways in plant pathogenic fungi

et al. 2021

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Like other eukaryotes, fungi use MAP kinase (MAPK) pathways to mediate cellular changes responding to external stimuli. In the past two decades, three well-conserved MAP kinase pathways have been characterized in various plant pathogenic fungi for regulating responses and adaptations to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses encountered during plant infection or survival in nature. The invasive growth (IG) pathway is homologous to the yeast pheromone response and filamentation pathways. In plant pathogens, the IG pathway often is essential for pathogenesis by regulating infection-related morphogenesis, such as appressorium formation, penetration, and invasive growth. The cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway also is important for plant infection although the infection processes it regulates vary among fungal pathogens. Besides its universal function in cell wall integrity, it often plays a minor role in responses to oxidative and cell wall stresses. Both the IG and CWI pathways are involved in regulating known virulence factors as well as effector genes during plant infection and mediating defenses against mycoviruses, bacteria, and other fungi. In contrast, the high osmolarity growth (HOG) pathway is dispensable for virulence in some fungi although it is essential for plant infection in others. It regulates osmoregulation in hyphae and is dispensable for appressorium turgor generation. The HOG pathway also plays a major role for responding to oxidative, heat, and other environmental stresses and is overstimulated by phenylpyrrole fungicides. Moreover, these three MAPK pathways crosstalk and coordinately regulate responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The IG and CWI pathways, particularly the latter, also are involved in responding to abiotic stresses to various degrees in different fungal pathogens, and the HOG pathway also plays a role in interactions with other microbes or fungi. Furthermore, some infection processes or stress responses are co-regulated by MAPK pathways with cAMP or Ca2+/CaM signaling. Overall, functions of individual MAP kinase pathways in pathogenesis and stress responses have been well characterized in a number of fungal pathogens, showing the conserved genetic elements with diverged functions, likely by rewiring transcriptional regulatory networks. In the near future, applications of genomics and proteomics approaches will likely lead to better understanding of crosstalk among the MAPKs and with other signaling pathways as well as roles of MAPKs in defense against other microbes (biotic interactions).

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Section: Osmotic Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of biotic interactions and responses to abiotic stresses by MAP kinase pathways in plant pathogenic fungi

et al. 2021

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“…Previous studies also illustrated a connection between calcium signaling and drug resistance in pathogenic fungus [69]. To determine the role of CgEnd3 in response to antifungal drugs, two types of broad-spectrum fungicides of anthracnose, difenoconazole and fludioxonil [70], were tested. Hyphal blocks from WT, ∆CgEnd3, and ∆CgEnd3/END3 were inoculated on PDA containing 0.8 µg/mL difenoconazole and 5 and 10 µg/mL fludioxonil, respectively.…”

Section: Lack Of Cgend3 Resulted In Increased Resistance To Fungicide Fludioxonilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In C. gloeosporioides, the mitogen-activated protein kinase, CgHog1, is the central regulator for the resistance to fludioxonil, and the deletion of CgHog1 showed enhanced resistance to fludioxonil. In any case, the analysis of genome-wide transcription patterns in C. gloeosporioides showed that Ca 2+ -transporting ATPase was downregulated under the treatment of 10 µg/mL of fludioxonil, indicating the involvement of calcium signaling in drug resistance [70]. Previous reports also suggested that calcineurin is required for virulence and drug resistance in a diverse group of fungi, mainly in human fungal pathogens, including azole tolerance in C. albicans [85], fluconazole tolerance in Cryptococcus gattii [86], and azole and echinocandin resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus [87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

CgEnd3 Regulates Endocytosis, Appressorium Formation, and Virulence in the Poplar Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Wang

Tian

2021

IJMS

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The hemibiotrophic ascomycete fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal agent of anthracnose on numerous plants, and it causes considerable economic losses worldwide. Endocytosis is an essential cellular process in eukaryotic cells, but its roles in C. gloeosporioides remain unknown. In our study, we identified an endocytosis-related protein, CgEnd3, and knocked it out via polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated protoplast transformation. The lack of CgEnd3 resulted in severe defects in endocytosis. C. gloeosporioides infects its host through a specialized structure called appressorium, and ΔCgEnd3 showed deficient appressorium formation, melanization, turgor pressure accumulation, penetration ability of appressorium, cellophane membrane penetration, and pathogenicity. CgEnd3 also affected oxidant adaptation and the expression of core effectors during the early stage of infection. CgEnd3 contains one EF hand domain and four calcium ion-binding sites, and it is involved in calcium signaling. A lack of CgEnd3 changed the responses to cell-wall integrity agents and fungicide fludioxonil. However, CgEnd3 regulated appressorium formation and endocytosis in a calcium signaling-independent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CgEnd3 plays pleiotropic roles in endocytosis, calcium signaling, cell-wall integrity, appressorium formation, penetration, and pathogenicity in C. gloeosporioides, and it suggests that CgEnd3 or endocytosis-related genes function as promising antifungal targets.

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“…Studies in C. gloeosporioides showed that the deletion of CgHog1 resulted in enhanced sensitivity to osmotic stress and increased resistance to fludioxonil. Further transcriptomic profiles of wild type and Cghog1 mutant in response to sorbitol and fludioxonil indicate that CgHog1 may regulate the adaption to osmotic stress by controlling the synthesis and accumulation of osmolytes; and the growth defect caused by fludioxonil in Cghog1 mutants may be associated with disruption of endocytosis (Li et al, 2020 ) ( Figure 2A ). Although studies in other plant-pathogenic fungi have shown that Hog1 is important for virulence (Turra et al, 2014 ), its contribution to pathogenicity in Colletotrichum species still need to be elucidated.…”

Section: Protein Kinases In Colletotrichummentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in Plant-Colletotrichum Interaction

Jiang

Zhang

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Anthracnose is a fungal disease caused by members of Colletotrichum that affect a wide range of crop plants. Strategies to improve crop resistance are needed to reduce the yield losses; and one strategy is to manipulate protein kinases that catalyze reversible phosphorylation of proteins regulating both plant immune responses and fungal pathogenesis. Hence, in this review, we present a summary of the current knowledge of protein kinase signaling pathways in plant-Colletotrichum interaction as well as the relation to a more general understanding of protein kinases that contribute to plant immunity and pathogen virulence. We highlight the potential of combining genomic resources and phosphoproteomics research to unravel the key molecular components of plant-Colletotrichum interactions. Understanding the molecular interactions between plants and Colletotrichum would not only facilitate molecular breeding of resistant cultivars but also help the development of novel strategies for controlling the anthracnose disease.

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CgHog1 controls the adaptation to both sorbitol and fludioxonil in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Cited by 11 publications

References 60 publications

Regulation of biotic interactions and responses to abiotic stresses by MAP kinase pathways in plant pathogenic fungi

Regulation of biotic interactions and responses to abiotic stresses by MAP kinase pathways in plant pathogenic fungi

CgEnd3 Regulates Endocytosis, Appressorium Formation, and Virulence in the Poplar Anthracnose Fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

Protein Kinase Signaling Pathways in Plant-Colletotrichum Interaction

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