Ch. 27: Mitigation. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment

Jacoby, Henry D.; Janetos, Anthony C.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Buizer, James L.; Calvin, Katherine; Chesnaye, Francisco de la; Schimel, David; Wing, Ian Sue; Detchon, Reid; Edmonds, James A.; Russell, Lynn M.; West, J. Jason

doi:10.7930/j0c8276j

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…The Third and Fourth NCA had a significant focus on climate impacts in regions of the United States and sectors of the U.S. economy (Melillo et al 2014;USGCRP 2017b). Chapters reviewed climate change science and discussed adaptation (Bierbaum et al 2014), mitigation (Jacoby et al 2014), and decision support (Moss et al 2014). USGCRP's NCA efforts fall under the ''Conduct Sustained Assessment'' goal identified in the USGCRP Strategic Plan (USGCRP 2012(USGCRP , 2017b; the focus is to ''build sustained assessment capacity that improves the Nation's ability to understand, anticipate, and respond to global change impacts and vulnerabilities.''…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NCA-LDAS: Overview and Analysis of Hydrologic Trends for the National Climate Assessment

Jasinski

Borak

Kumar

et al. 2019

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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Terrestrial hydrologic trends over the conterminous United States are estimated for 1980–2015 using the National Climate Assessment Land Data Assimilation System (NCA-LDAS) reanalysis. NCA-LDAS employs the uncoupled Noah version 3.3 land surface model at 0.125° × 0.125° forced with NLDAS-2 meteorology, rescaled Climate Prediction Center precipitation, and assimilated satellite-based soil moisture, snow depth, and irrigation products. Mean annual trends are reported using the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test at p < 0.1 significance. Results illustrate the interrelationship between regional gradients in forcing trends and trends in other land energy and water stores and fluxes. Mean precipitation trends range from +3 to +9 mm yr−1 in the upper Great Plains and Northeast to −1 to −9 mm yr−1 in the West and South, net radiation flux trends range from +0.05 to +0.20 W m−2 yr−1 in the East to −0.05 to −0.20 W m−2 yr−1 in the West, and U.S.-wide temperature trends average about +0.03 K yr−1. Trends in soil moisture, snow cover, latent and sensible heat fluxes, and runoff are consistent with forcings, contributing to increasing evaporative fraction trends from west to east. Evaluation of NCA-LDAS trends compared to independent data indicates mixed results. The RMSE of U.S.-wide trends in number of snow cover days improved from 3.13 to 2.89 days yr−1 while trend detection increased 11%. Trends in latent heat flux were hardly affected, with RMSE decreasing only from 0.17 to 0.16 W m−2 yr−1, while trend detection increased 2%. NCA-LDAS runoff trends degraded significantly from 2.6 to 16.1 mm yr−1 while trend detection was unaffected. Analysis also indicated that NCA-LDAS exhibits relatively more skill in low precipitation station density areas, suggesting there are limits to the effectiveness of satellite data assimilation in densely gauged regions. Overall, NCA-LDAS demonstrates capability for quantifying physically consistent, U.S. hydrologic climate trends over the satellite era.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

NCA-LDAS: Overview and Analysis of Hydrologic Trends for the National Climate Assessment

Jasinski

Borak

Kumar

et al. 2019

Journal of Hydrometeorology

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“…Mitigation strategies tackle the causes of climate change and adaptation attacks the effects of the climate change on humans and ecosystems. 4 Jacoby et al, 37 define mitigation as actions that reduce human contributions of GHGs to the planet. IPCC 4 states that adaptation is the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview: the potential role of agro forestry in enhancing carbon sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions on agricultural lands

Horta¹

2018

APAR

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The C cycle is the flux of C among the atmospheric, oceanic, terrestrial biosphere and geological deposits 16,17 which is stored in "carbon pools" (C stocks or reservoirs). 18-20 Within these pools, C flows from one source to another, transforming C from source to sink, and vice versa. 21 According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, "A [C] source is any process or activity that releases a greenhouse gas, an aerosol, or a precursor of a greenhouse gas into the atmosphere; whereas a sink is any process, activity, or mechanism which removes C from the atmosphere". 8 Therefore, C sequestration is the capture and storage of C that would otherwise be emitted into the atmosphere. 22,23 Concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2), a major cause of global warming, have increased at their fastest rate for the last 30years. 24 The rise in CO 2 availability directly impacts photosynthetic processes evoking a wide range of physiological and morphological responses in plants. 25,26 It is believed that most woody plants can produced more biomass at an elevated CO 2 concentration, 27-33 however, many uncertainties remain about which tree species will benefit or be constrained at that concentration because the benefits of "growth" may be more appealing to pest or diseases. 34-36

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Evaluating climate change adaptation efforts on the US 50 states’ hazard mitigation plans

et al. 2018

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Ch. 27: Mitigation. Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

NCA-LDAS: Overview and Analysis of Hydrologic Trends for the National Climate Assessment

NCA-LDAS: Overview and Analysis of Hydrologic Trends for the National Climate Assessment

An overview: the potential role of agro forestry in enhancing carbon sequestration and reducing greenhouse gas emissions on agricultural lands

Evaluating climate change adaptation efforts on the US 50 states’ hazard mitigation plans

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