CH₃NH₃Pb_1−xEu_xI₃ mixed halide perovskite for hybrid solar cells: the impact of divalent europium doping on efficiency and stability

Abstract

The crucial role of the impact of divalent europium doping in perovskite solar cells is investigated in this work. We selected europium (Eu 2+ , 117 pm) to replace lead (Pb 2+ , 119 pm) because their ion radii are really comparable. This appropriate substitution has shown great potential to achieve high stability and enhance the power conversion efficiency of the solar cells. Through adjusting the doping concentration of europium, the perovskite solar cells corresponding average efficiency greatly increased. Furthermore, compared with the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite film, the attenuation of power conversion efficiency of europium doped perovskite film slowed down 4.7 times at room temperature. Therefore, we put forward a useful method for the optimization of organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells.

Limitations of a polymer-based hole transporting layer for application in planar inverted perovskite solar cells

“…The increase of n traps is accompanied by the shi of onset dening V TFL , which stems from the activation of additional trapping centres at higher voltages and reduction of lm quality, as expected from devices subjected to prolonged degradation conditions. 70 Moreover, the observed trend in the ohmic region suggests an increase of current corresponding to the leakage upturn, in accordance with UV exposure length. Such behaviour is in line with that previously noted by TPC analysis and described reduction of PTAA charge extraction capabilities, since the formation of shunt pathways imposes a barrier for collection of photogenerated carriers.…”

Space-charge-limited electron and hole currents in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites

“…Analysis of the relative permittivity. In the analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of MAPbI 3 perovskite solar cells in literature thus far, the dielectric constant (ε) was assumed to be frequency independent, having constant values typically ranging from 6 to 117 7,19,35,[37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]46,[48][49][50][51][53][54][55][56][57][58][59] . Also for other perovskites, the relative permittivity in the SCLC analysis was taken to be constant 7,19,[38][39][40][42][43][44]46,[48][49][50][51]53,54,58,59 .…”

“…Application of the SCLC model disregarding the effects of ions on permittivity and field distribution then leads to erroneous results regarding chargecarrier mobility and trapping sites. Although there are numerous publications on SCLC measurements of perovskite single crystals and thin films, the effect of mobile ions, permittivity, and temperature on the current-voltage behavior are missing 7,19,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] . To date, an accurate description of SCLCs in perovskite thin films does not exist.…”

A universal solution processed interfacial bilayer enabling ohmic contact in organic and hybrid optoelectronic devices

“…A shallow slope in the ohmic region below 0.1 V, combined with a high trap-filled limit voltage (V TFL , the point at which the slope of the curve increases, indicated by a solid circle) is indicative of a Schottky barrier. 43 With the addition of a layer of BCP, 22,44,45 the ohmic response of the device is greatly improved, shown by the dramatically reduced V TFL . The increase in V TFL observed when using a TiO 2 interlayer, compared to that of BCP, suggests the presence of trap-states within pristine TiO 2 .…”