Chabazite Synthesis and Its Exchange with Ti, Zn, Cu, Ag and Au for Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye

Abstract

A chabazite-type zeolite was prepared by the hydrothermal method. Before ion exchange, the chabazite was activated with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). The ion exchange process was carried out at a controlled temperature and constant stirring to obtain ion-exchanged chabazites of Ti4+ chabazite (TiCHA), Zn2+ chabazite (ZnCHA), Cu2+ chabazite (CuCHA), Ag+ chabazite (AgCHA) and Au3+ chabazite (AuCHA). Modified chabazite samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), N2 adsorption methods and UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). XRD results revealed that the chabazite structure did not undergo any modification during the exchange treatments. The photocatalytic activity of chabazite samples was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in the presence of H2O2 under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. The photodegradation results showed a higher degradation efficiency of modified chabazites, compared to the synthesized chabazite. CuCHA showed an efficiency of 98.92% in MB degradation, with a constant of k = 0.0266 min−1 following a first-order kinetic mechanism. Then, it was demonstrated that the modified chabazites could be used for the photodegradation of dyes.

Zeolites as Adsorbents and Photocatalysts for Removal of Dyes from the Aqueous Environment

“…When considering the photocatalytic activity of zeolites, many studies focus on zeolites containing framework heteroatoms or a modification of zeolites with oxides or metal ions precisely because of the improvement in photocatalytic capabilities [ 60 ]. This is evident from research in which zeolites were used as supports for TiO 2 photocatalysts [ 61 , 62 ] or zeolite-based composites were doped with metal ions [ 62 ], whereby a higher efficiency of dye degradation was achieved than in the presence of zeolites and TiO 2 individually.…”

Enhanced Adsorption Capacity of Methylene Blue Dye onto Kaolin through Acid Treatment: Batch Adsorption and Machine Learning Studies

“…Dye pollutants are a major contributor to environmental risks and pollution due to their high production (7 × 10 5 tons/year) and usage in various industries (i.e., textiles, paper, and leather) [10]. The release of colored effluents from industries into the environment without treatment causes some elevated toxicity levels and environmental damage [11][12][13][14].…”

“…Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most well-known cationic dyes; it is generally used for dyeing cotton, silk, and wood [12,[15][16][17]. The risks associated with its presence in wastewater mainly come from its multiple health hazards (i.e., respiratory distress, gastrointestinal diseases, blindness, and digestive and mental issues).…”

Jujube stones based highly efficient activated carbon for methylene blue adsorption: Kinetics and isotherms modeling, thermodynamics and mechanism study, optimization via response surface methodology and machine learning approaches

“…It may provoke nausea, vomiting, breathing difficulties, allergy, heart rhythm disturbances, tissue necrosis, skin irritation, mental confusion and even cancer and dysfunction of brain, liver and central nervous system (Pandey et al 2017;Jawad et al 2018a). Researchers have, over the years, successfully developed a wide range of techniques for the methylene blue elimination such as electrochemical treatment (Teng et al 2020), ion exchange (Su et al 2022), photocatalytic degradation (González-Crisostomo et al 2022), membrane filtration (Bangari et al 2022), coagulation-flocculation (Ihaddaden et al 2022), and Fenton process (Ye et al 2022).…”