Chain extension of polyamide 6 using multifunctional chain extenders and reactive extrusion for melt foaming

Xu, Menglong; Yan, Haichao; He, Quanjin; Wan, Chengpeng; Liu, Tao; Zhao, Ling; Park, Chul

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.09.012

Cited by 65 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The dynamic rheological properties are known to be greatly affected by branching and crosslinking [ 30 ]. The complex viscosity and the loss tangent of PA6 and PA6/PK blend shown in Figure 8 show that both exhibited a typical non-Newtonian shear thinning behavior and that the addition of ADR resulted in an increase in the viscosity with the shear thinning behavior becoming more pronounced with increase in the ADR content.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the Processability and Properties of Nylon 6 by Blending with Polyketone

Zhang

Kang

2021

Polymers

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Polyketones (PKs) having strong hydrogen bonding properties and a chain extender are used as additives in the melt processing of nylon 6 (PA6). Their effect on the chain structure and properties of PA6 is studied to enhance the processability of PA6 in melt processing. The addition of the chain extender to PA6 increases the melt viscosity by forming branches on the backbone. The addition of PKs results in an additional increase in viscosity through the hydrogen bonding between N–H of PA6 and C=O of PK. The change in the N–H bond FT-IR peak of PA6 and the swelling data of the PA6/PK blend containing a chain extender, styrene maleic anhydride copolymer (ADR), suggest that incorporation of chain extender and PK in the melt processing of PA6 results in physical crosslinks through hydrogen bonding between the branched PA6 formed by the addition of chain extender and PK chains. This change in the chain structure of PA6 not only increases the melt strength of PA6 but also increases randomness resulting in decreased crystallinity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of the Processability and Properties of Nylon 6 by Blending with Polyketone

Zhang

Kang

2021

Polymers

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“…Thermoplastic polymeric materials used for foaming can be classified into two broad categories, namely, homopolymers and multiphase polymeric materials. Homopolymers can be crystalline/semi‐crystalline (such as PP, [ 19,31 ] high density of polyethylene (HDPE), [ 16,58 ] low density PE (LDPE), [ 59–62 ] linear LDPE (LLDPE), [ 63 ] nylons, [ 64,65 ] polylactide (PLA), [ 66 ] poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), [ 67 ] poly(butylene adipate‐ co ‐terephthalate) (PBAT), [ 68 ] poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) [ 69 ] ) or amorphous (such as PS, [ 70 ] polycarbonate (PC), [ 70–73 ] poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), [ 74,75 ] poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) [ 76 ] ). Of the homopolymers used for foaming, PLA, PCL, PBAT, PBS, and PVA are biodegradable.…”

Section: Thermoplastic Polymeric Materials Used For Foamingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foamability and Special Applications of Microcellular Thermoplastic Polymers: A Review on Recent Advances and Future Direction

Banerjee¹,

Ray

2020

Macro Materials & Eng

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Figure 6. a) Schematic of underwater pelletization as a following unit of a foam extrusion system. For expandable beads, the water pressure is set above the vapor pressure of the blowing agent; for expanded, it lies at atmospheric pressure. b) Bead foam processing in a steam-chest molding machine: 1: closing and 2: filling the mold, 3: steaming, 4: cooling, 5: ejection of molded part. Reproduced with permission. [53] Copyright 2015, Elsevier.

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“…In addition, the presence of impurities and moisture, especially flame retardants, in PA6 matrix induces the decomposition of the molecular chains during high-temperature processing, leading to a decline in mechanical properties of the materials. To solve the problems above, chain extenders have been developed and have proven to be an effective additive for suppressing this mechanical deterioration [27,28]. Epoxide and oxazoline type chain extenders have been revealed to have high reactivity with amino and carboxyl end-groups of polyamide, which increases the molecular weight and mechanical properties of polymers [29,30,31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chain Extension and Synergistic Flame-Retardant Effect of Aromatic Schiff Base Diepoxide on Polyamide 6/Aluminum Diethylphosphinate Composites

et al. 2019

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A way to suppress the deterioration in mechanical properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) is required, especially with high loading of flame retardants in the matrix. In this study, a novel aromatic Schiff base diepoxide (DES) was synthesized. It exhibited an efficient chain extension effect on PA6 and a synergistic flame-retardant effect with aluminum diethylphosphinate (AlPi) for PA6. The PA6 composite with 16 wt.% AlPi only passed UL-94 V-0 rating at 1.6 mm thickness, while the combination of 1.5 wt.% DES with 13 wt.% AlPi induced PA6 to achieve a UL-94 V-0 rating at 0.8 mm thickness. The tensile, flexural, and Izod notched impact strengths were increased by 16.2%, 16.5%, and 24.9%, respectively, compared with those of V-0 flame-retarded PA6 composites with 16 wt.% AlPi. The flame-retarded mechanism of PA6/AlPi/DES was investigated by cone calorimetry and infrared characterization of the char residues and pyrolysis products. These results showed that DES had a synergistic effect with AlPi in condensed-phase flame retardation by promoting the production of aluminum phosphorus oxides and polyphosphates in the char residues.

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Chain extension of polyamide 6 using multifunctional chain extenders and reactive extrusion for melt foaming

Cited by 65 publications

References 49 publications

Enhancement of the Processability and Properties of Nylon 6 by Blending with Polyketone

Enhancement of the Processability and Properties of Nylon 6 by Blending with Polyketone

Foamability and Special Applications of Microcellular Thermoplastic Polymers: A Review on Recent Advances and Future Direction

Chain Extension and Synergistic Flame-Retardant Effect of Aromatic Schiff Base Diepoxide on Polyamide 6/Aluminum Diethylphosphinate Composites

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