Chain of Custody for Samples of Live Crude Oil Using Visible—Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Betancourt, Soraya S.; Bracey, Jep; Gustavson, Gale; Mathews, Syriac George; Mullins, Oliver C.

doi:10.1366/000370206779321373

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…It is evident that the sample from deeper in the reservoir is darker in color. The process of checking downhole measurements versus laboratory measurements embodies the “chain of custody” for reservoir fluid samples and provides excellent quality control. The downhole and laboratory spectra are seen to match reasonably well for the two different samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoaggregates of Asphaltenes in a Reservoir Crude Oil and Reservoir Connectivity

et al. 2008

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Recently, asphaltenes have been shown to form nanoaggregates in toluene at very low concentrations (10 -4 mass fraction). Subsequently, in situ analysis of a 3000 ft vertical column of crude oil by downhole fluid analysis (DFA) indicated that the asphaltenes in a black crude oil exhibit gravitational sedimentation according to the Boltzmann distribution and that the asphaltene colloidal size is ∼2 nm. Here, we perform a follow-up study of a reservoir black oil from a different field. The black oil in a 658 ft vertical column is analyzed by DFA and advanced laboratory analytical chemical methods. An asphaltene colloidal particle size is found to be ∼2 nm according to the Archimedes buoyancy term in the Boltzmann distribution. In addition, an equation of state (EoS) approach based on literature critical constants and molecular weights for asphaltenes gives an aggregation number of ∼8. Molecular compositional similarities between different oil samples were established with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). Likewise, results from electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectroscopy (ESI FT-ICR MS) of the samples are consistent with the oils being from the same equilibrium column of oil. The results herein support a growing body of literature indicating that asphaltenes in black oils form relatively tightly bonded nanoaggregates of a single size range. The similarity of results between asphaltenes in crude oil and asphaltenes in toluene points to a very limited role of resins in these nanoaggregates, in contrast to much speculation. The implications of this work on the determination of reservoir connectivity are discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoaggregates of Asphaltenes in a Reservoir Crude Oil and Reservoir Connectivity

et al. 2008

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“…The one point significantly off the line in Fig. 3 has been shown by a Chain of Custody study [22] to have a lab sample that most likely lost asphaltenes after acquisition downhole. That is, the measured coloration in the lab did not match the downhole spectrum for this one sample.…”

Section: Asphaltene Gravitation Gradient By Dfamentioning

confidence: 90%

“…The one outlier (at OD=2, %asph. mass =4) has been shown by Chain of Custody methods [22] to be due to an invalidated lab sample. Figure 3 shows a plot of the coloration measured by DFA vs. the laboratory determination of asphaltene content.…”

Section: Asphaltene Gravitation Gradient By Dfamentioning

confidence: 99%

Asphaltene Gravitational Gradient in a Deepwater Reservoir as Determined by Downhole Fluid Analysis

Mullins¹,

Cribbs²,

Betancourt³

et al. 2007

Proceedings of International Symposium on Oilfield Chemistry

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fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe fluids in large reservoirs can be in equilibrium -especially if conditions conducive to convective mixing prevail. A large vertical column of reservoir hydrocarbons offers a unique laboratory to investigate potential gravitational grading. Asphaltenes are known to exist in crude oils as a colloidal suspension, but which had not been well characterized in the laboratory until recently. In this paper, we review a gravitational gradient of asphaltenes in a reservoir and a simple theory is shown to apply. The corresponding downhole and laboratory analyses are consistent; asphaltenes exist in these crude oils in nanoaggregates. The corresponding asphaltene gradients provide a stringent and new method to test reservoir connectivity (as opposed to compartmentalization), which is key to the efficient economic development for many deepwater projects.

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“…The wavelength of 1600 nm was fixed, and that of 431 nm was calculated from Eq. (8). Diesel oil and kerosene also have a strong absorption band in the range of approximately 1700-2100 nm [21], but we have omitted this band as well as bands in the midinfrared spectral range.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another type of hand-held sensor for screening adulterated diesel oils is based on an Abbe refractometer and a data analysis method using the real part of excess permittivity with a fixed probe wavelength [7]. Regarding field measurements, NIR spectrum measurement has also been tested for crude oil quality inspection under difficult field measurement conditions [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaginary optical constants in near-infrared (NIR) spectral range for the separation and discrimination of adulterated diesel oil binary mixtures

Kanyathare

Asamoah

Peiponen

2018

Opt Rev

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Fuel adulteration is a major factor contributing to environmental pollution. The tendency to adulterate diesel oil with kerosene is becoming prevalent in many countries, which is particularly driven by the lower cost of kerosene than of diesel oil. The objective of this study is to develop a method of separating and discriminating between different compositions of kerosene in binary liquid fuel mixtures. In this study, we have utilized refractive indices of binary fuel mixtures measured using an Abbe refractometer, and the inversion of measured transmittance spectra in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) spectral range by a general method based on Kramers-Kronig dispersion analysis, where the singly subtractive Kramers-Kronig relations have been used to obtain the wavelength-dependent imaginary excess permittivity of a binary liquid mixture. The excess permittivity has considerable importance in the interpretation of different liquid molecule interactions in binary liquid mixtures. It is herein demonstrated that the problematic cases of relatively low adulterations of 5% and 10% can be detected and distinguished from 15% adulteration using imaginary optical properties in the NIR spectral range. We show that imaginary optical constants such as excess imaginary permittivity and the extinction coefficient are useful for not only screening for adulteration, but also discriminating and separating low from high kerosene compositions in mixtures. Moreover, these quantities can also be exploited for the development of practical sensors, especially for sensing diesel oil adulteration under field conditions.

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Chain of Custody for Samples of Live Crude Oil Using Visible—Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

Cited by 11 publications

References 16 publications

Nanoaggregates of Asphaltenes in a Reservoir Crude Oil and Reservoir Connectivity

Nanoaggregates of Asphaltenes in a Reservoir Crude Oil and Reservoir Connectivity

Asphaltene Gravitational Gradient in a Deepwater Reservoir as Determined by Downhole Fluid Analysis

Imaginary optical constants in near-infrared (NIR) spectral range for the separation and discrimination of adulterated diesel oil binary mixtures

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