“…(a) e large data volume of big data requires that data integrity verification technology meet the efficiency requirements of auditing and realize efficient judgment of data integrity. (b) Due to the wide range of significant data sources, the data types have become diverse and data can be divided into three types: structured, semistructured, and unstructured [5]. For example, the significant data types in government affairs can be divided into four categories: business data, public opinion and social situation data, environmental data, and decentralized public data [6].…”