Challenges and future prospects of graphene-based hybrids for solar fuel generation: moving towards next generation photocatalysts

Bramhaiah, K.; Bhattacharyya, Santanu

doi:10.1039/d1ma00748c

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…In this connection, luminescent nanomaterials made of pure elements such as carbon dots, graphene QDs, silicon QDs, and phosphorous dots have been extensively studied for the last few years. 11,[16][17][18][19][20] Recently, S-dots have attracted great attention owing to their intricate electronic properties and promising applicability as emitting and catalytic materials. [21][22][23] Sulfur is earth-abundant and has been used in many fields such as the production of sulfuric acid, lithium-sulfur batteries, potassium-sulfur batteries, supercapacitors, and in sulfur-modified polymeric and organic transformation materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of long afterglow and room temperature phosphorescence emissions from ultra-small sulfur dots

et al. 2022

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Section: Introductionmentioning

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Emergence of long afterglow and room temperature phosphorescence emissions from ultra-small sulfur dots

et al. 2022

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“…Considering the above, the combination of N-doped TiO 2 with carbon supports has been recently proposed and reported in literature [ 16 , 17 ]. However, for these complex systems, the joint effect of N-doping and carbon supporting of TiO 2 on enhancing of sunlight absorption and electron-hole separation still remains unclear [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with N-Doped TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Obtained in One-Pot Supercritical Synthesis

et al. 2022

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The objective of this work was to analyze the effect of carbon support on the activity and selectivity of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. Thus, N-doped TiO2 and two types of composites, N-doped TiO2/CNT and N-doped TiO2/rGO, were prepared by a new environmentally friendly one-pot method. CNT and rGO were used as supports, triethylamine and urea as N doping agents, and titanium (IV) tetraisopropoxide and ethanol as Ti precursor and hydrolysis agent, respectively. The as-prepared photocatalysts exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance compared to TiO2 P25 commercial catalyst during the photoreduction of CO2 with water vapor. It was imputed to the synergistic effect of N doping (reduction of semiconductor band gap energy) and carbon support (enlarging e−-h+ recombination time). The activity and selectivity of catalysts varied depending on the investigated material. Thus, whereas N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles led to a gaseous mixture, where CH4 formed the majority compared to CO, N-doped TiO2/CNT and N-doped TiO2/rGO composites almost exclusively generated CO. Regarding the activity of the catalysts, the highest production rates of CO (8 µmol/gTiO2/h) and CH4 (4 µmol/gTiO2/h) were achieved with composite N1/TiO2/rGO and N1/TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively, where superscript represents the ratio mg N/g TiO2. These rates are four times and almost forty times higher than the CO and CH4 production rates observed with commercial TiO2 P25.

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“…Notably, H 2 has a high energy density compared to any other existing fuel and upon combustion, it produces H 2 O, which ensures the zero emission of CO 2 . [ 1–6 ] To date, solar light‐induced photocatalytic H 2 production by means of photocatalytic water splitting can be considered as one of the greenest approaches. [ 2,7–10 ] In this context, metal oxides and chalcogenides based on inorganic semiconducting nanomaterials have been used extensively as efficient photocatalysts for photocatalytic solar H 2 production since the last decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2,[15][16][17] In particular, several approaches have been made especially on g-C 3 N 4 and their derivatives for solar H 2 generation. [2,3,7,18] Although the hydrogen production efficiencies are quite promising for g-C 3 N 4 and their derivatives, most of the cases in necessity of noble metal cocatalysts (mainly Pt, Au, etc.) makes the overall photocatalysis process expensive.…”

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“…[1,5,11,12] However, there are several disadvantages of these traditional metal-based inorganic semiconductors to act as an efficient photocatalyst, e.g., heavy metal-based toxicity effect, lack of visible light absorption due to wide bandgap (mainly for the metal oxides), large extent of competitive recombination processes which eventually reduces the free carriers accessible for photocatalysis, etc. [2,3,7,13,14] Therefore, the development of alternative photocatalysts is highly desirable. In this direction, carbon-based nanomaterials have become one of the most promising candidates.…”

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Critical Optimization of Phosphorus Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Metal‐Free Solar Hydrogen Production and Simultaneous Organic Transformation

Kar

Bishwal

Bramhaiah

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Complete metal‐free P‐functionalized carbon nanomaterials are synthesized from a single molecular precursor, phytic acid, for photocatalytic solar H2 production and simultaneous organic transformation of 4‐methyl benzyl alcohol to 4‐methyl benzaldehyde by managing the complete redox cycle. It is observed that by increasing the carbonization time, P‐functionalized amorphous carbon dots convert to the highly defined 2D sheet‐like nanostructure with optimum P‐functionality, resulting in efficient light absorption, charge separation, and improved active sites for photocatalysis. Finally, the highly defined sheet‐like structure converts to a more defected aggregated form, resulting in the depletion of photocatalytic efficiency. The structural and elemental features are further correlated with the ongoing photophysics by means of steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Transient photocurrent responses and Mott‐Schottky plots directly support the optimization of P‐functionalized carbon nanostructure for efficient photocatalysis. Finally, the detailed computational studies are carried out to unveil the charge separation mechanism and the crucial role of P‐functionalities as active sites for better charge accumulation as well as H2O adsorption on the surface. Overall, the in‐depth structure–property correlation and critical optimization of the heteroatom functionalized carbon nanomaterials will open up new possibilities for further development of metal‐free photocatalysts for solar‐energy conversion devices.

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Challenges and future prospects of graphene-based hybrids for solar fuel generation: moving towards next generation photocatalysts

Abstract: Challenges and future prospects of graphene based hybrids as next generation photocatalysts for solar fuel generation.

Cited by 53 publications

References 170 publications

Emergence of long afterglow and room temperature phosphorescence emissions from ultra-small sulfur dots

Emergence of long afterglow and room temperature phosphorescence emissions from ultra-small sulfur dots

Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 with N-Doped TiO2-Based Photocatalysts Obtained in One-Pot Supercritical Synthesis

Critical Optimization of Phosphorus Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Metal‐Free Solar Hydrogen Production and Simultaneous Organic Transformation

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