Challenges and Opportunities of Low Viscous Biofuel─A Prospective Review

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The rapid depletion of crude oil and environmental degradation necessitate the search for alternative fuel sources for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel for compression ignition (CI) engines due to its heat content and combustion properties. Biodiesel blends are used in various vehicles and equipment, such as cars, trucks, buses, off-road vehicles, and oil furnaces. Biodiesel can reduce emissions from CI engines by up to 75% and improve engine durability due to its high lubricity. However, biodiesel has some drawbacks, including a performance reduction and increased nitrogen oxide emissions. Therefore, this study aims to investigate using environmentally available biodiesel in a low-heat rejection engine and an antioxidant additive to enhance the performance and reduce nitrogen oxide emissions. India currently has several biodiesel sources, including mango seed oil, mahua oil, and pongamia oil, which can be effectively utilized in CI engines by adding l-ascorbic acid. The experimental work involves a single-cylinder 4-stroke water-cooled direct injection CI engine with a power output of 5.2 kW. The engine’s cylinder head, piston head, and valves are coated with lanthanum oxide using the plasma spray coating technique, with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The coated and uncoated engines are tested with different proportions of mahua oil, mango seed oil, and pongamia oil. The results show that the engine’s performance is significantly improved compared to the baseline engine at all loads. Additionally, these biodiesels exhibit a notable reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions when combined with l-ascorbic acid.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Performance and Emission Analysis of Biodiesel Blends in a Low Heat Rejection Engine with an Antioxidant Additive: An Experimental Study

Venkatesan,

Rajendran,

Murugan

et al. 2023

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“…This could be rectified by the presence of the O 2 molecules in the combustion, which leads to improved combustion. Due to the high viscosity and low volatility of biodiesel, it affects the atomization properties of the fuel and leads to poor combustion. − Further, the smoke opacities for the emulsified blends of B20CuO25, B20CuO50, B20CuO75, and B20CuO100 were found to be 11.6, 10.9, 10.1, and 10.3 N, respectively. B20CuO75 was revealed to have 17.58% lower smoke emissions than B20 without nanoadditive and 9.82% lower emissions than diesel.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation into the Ideal Concoction for Performance and Emissions Enhancement of Jatropha Biodiesel-Diesel with CuO Nanoparticles Using Response Surface Methodology

Ramachandran,

Krishnaiah,

Venkatesan

et al. 2023

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The present work covers the preparation of biodiesel from jatropha oil through the transesterification process followed by its characterization, and furthermore, performance and emission analyses were done in terms of blending biodiesel with fossil diesel and CuO nanoparticles. Jatropha biodiesel blends (B10, B20, and B30) were chosen for this preliminary investigation based on the observation that B20 outperformed other blends. Next stage B20 with copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticle concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 50 ppm are used to examine the performance and emission characteristics of a constant speed single cylinder, 4stroke, 3.5 kW compression ignition (CI) engine. Finally, The response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to determine the optimal nanoparticle concentration for B20. The results revealed that the blend of B20 with 80 ppm nanoparticles had the highest desirability (0.9732), and the developed RSM model was able to predict engine responses with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.113%. A confirmation test with an error in prediction of less than 5% verified the model's adequacy. When comparing optimized B20CuO80 to diesel, brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) increased by 8.49% and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) was lowered by 3.34%. Hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxide (NOx), and smoke emissions were reduced by 3.66% and 2.88%, 4.78%, 22.9%, and 20.54%, respectively, at 80% load. As a result, the B20 blend with nanoparticle concentrations of 80 ppm may be used in current diesel engines without engine modification.

“…In 2023, Ramalingam et al found that LE and PY are the most effective antioxidants for improving the oxidation stability of biodiesel. Compared to diesel, B20 produces the least amount of pollutants overall, except for NO x , whose emissions have been significantly reduced by the addition of LE 131 …”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to diesel, B20 produces the least amount of pollutants overall, except for NO x , whose emissions have been significantly reduced by the addition of LE 131 . 400 …”

Section: Biodieselmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Performance and Emission Characteristics of Biodiesel-Operated Compression Ignition Engines through Low Heat Rejection Mode and Antioxidant Additives: A Review

Rajendran,

Venkatesan,

Dhairiyasamy

et al. 2023

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Depending on the heat content and compression ignition (CI) engine combustion, biodiesel is a viable substitute fuel. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, safe, sulfur-free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel. It may be utilized in CI engines in any combination with diesel fuel without requiring the engine to be significantly modified. Many research studies have been made with several biodiesels as diesel substitutes, including Pongamia pinnata, Jatropha curcas, Mangifera indica, and Madhuca longifolia. The topic of the current review is the potential of renewable fuels to outperform diesel fuel in terms of performance, combustion, and emission characteristics. In the present study, CI engines are fueled with biodiesels made from Man. indica, Mad. longifolia, and pongamia seed oil. Adopting low heat rejection (LHR) mode CI engines and adding an antioxidant agent in addition to the biodiesel blends may resolve the issue of these biodiesels’ poorer performance and increased NO emission. Both these additions may provide positive approaches in both performance and emission.