“…‘Resonance’ is Foulkes’ well known phenomenon in group analysis, describing the unconscious communication between group members forming a common emotional experience (Morthorst & Nielsen, ). Furthermore, the assumption by supervisor Ben that the group had returned to their initial ‘quiet and nice’ group culture can account for some regressive processes taking place in the group (Ögren, Boëthius & Sundin, ). In Bion's () terminology, it seems that the ‘basic assumption’ group of dependency is activated in the supervision group and interferes with the task the ‘work group’ is trying to accomplish.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, it seems that previous research on the supervisory alliance has focused on the dyadic relationship between supervisor and supervisee, not taking into account the impact of supervision groups. This is noteworthy because group supervision is the most frequently used modality in many countries (Boëthius et al ., ; Ögren, Boëthius & Sundin, ). One of the most widely used definitions of group supervision is provided by Bernard and Goodyear (, p. 244), who suggest that:Group supervision is the regular meeting of a group of supervisees (a) with a designated supervisor or supervisors, (b) to monitor the quality of their work, and (c) to further their understanding of themselves as clinicians, of the clients with whom they work, and of service delivery in general.…”
mentioning
confidence: 97%
“…According to this definition, what especially sets group supervision apart from individual supervision is that the supervisee also receives feedback from and interacts with the other supervisees. This contributes to an even greater degree of complexity in the supervisory situation, and it is probably also one of the reasons why few empirical studies on group supervision have been carried out so far (Boëthius et al ., ; Ögren, Boëthius & Sundin, ). A recent review of research on group supervision from 1996 to 2015 has claimed that research in this area may no longer be in its infancy, but that it is still an area which needs further research (Nielsen, Pedersen & Mathiesen, ).…”
In this paper the author explores the ways in which a supervision group can be a source of ruptures in the supervisory alliance. Furthermore, the group's involvement in repair of the supervisory alliance is examined. The author draws upon empirical material from supervision sessions with a supervision group consisting of one supervisor and four novice psychotherapists conducting psychodynamic psychotherapy at a university clinic. Based on the work of W.R. Bion, the paper argues that, in group supervision, the supervisory alliance cannot be separated from the group processes in which it is embedded. The author concludes that a supervision group can affect the supervisory alliance negatively through group dynamics, or the alliance can be ruptured by other alliance formations that constitute themselves in group supervision. However, a supervision group can contribute to the repair of the supervisory alliance by supporting the supervisee, compensating for the supervisor's imperfection and supporting the supervisor.
“…‘Resonance’ is Foulkes’ well known phenomenon in group analysis, describing the unconscious communication between group members forming a common emotional experience (Morthorst & Nielsen, ). Furthermore, the assumption by supervisor Ben that the group had returned to their initial ‘quiet and nice’ group culture can account for some regressive processes taking place in the group (Ögren, Boëthius & Sundin, ). In Bion's () terminology, it seems that the ‘basic assumption’ group of dependency is activated in the supervision group and interferes with the task the ‘work group’ is trying to accomplish.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, it seems that previous research on the supervisory alliance has focused on the dyadic relationship between supervisor and supervisee, not taking into account the impact of supervision groups. This is noteworthy because group supervision is the most frequently used modality in many countries (Boëthius et al ., ; Ögren, Boëthius & Sundin, ). One of the most widely used definitions of group supervision is provided by Bernard and Goodyear (, p. 244), who suggest that:Group supervision is the regular meeting of a group of supervisees (a) with a designated supervisor or supervisors, (b) to monitor the quality of their work, and (c) to further their understanding of themselves as clinicians, of the clients with whom they work, and of service delivery in general.…”
mentioning
confidence: 97%
“…According to this definition, what especially sets group supervision apart from individual supervision is that the supervisee also receives feedback from and interacts with the other supervisees. This contributes to an even greater degree of complexity in the supervisory situation, and it is probably also one of the reasons why few empirical studies on group supervision have been carried out so far (Boëthius et al ., ; Ögren, Boëthius & Sundin, ). A recent review of research on group supervision from 1996 to 2015 has claimed that research in this area may no longer be in its infancy, but that it is still an area which needs further research (Nielsen, Pedersen & Mathiesen, ).…”
In this paper the author explores the ways in which a supervision group can be a source of ruptures in the supervisory alliance. Furthermore, the group's involvement in repair of the supervisory alliance is examined. The author draws upon empirical material from supervision sessions with a supervision group consisting of one supervisor and four novice psychotherapists conducting psychodynamic psychotherapy at a university clinic. Based on the work of W.R. Bion, the paper argues that, in group supervision, the supervisory alliance cannot be separated from the group processes in which it is embedded. The author concludes that a supervision group can affect the supervisory alliance negatively through group dynamics, or the alliance can be ruptured by other alliance formations that constitute themselves in group supervision. However, a supervision group can contribute to the repair of the supervisory alliance by supporting the supervisee, compensating for the supervisor's imperfection and supporting the supervisor.
“…Group supervision can be defined as follows: “… the regular meeting of a group of supervisees (a) with a designated supervisor or supervisors; (b) to monitor the quality of their work; and (c) to further their understanding of themselves as clinicians, of the clients with whom they work, and of service delivery in general” (Bernard & Goodyear, 2019, p. 190). Group supervision can contribute to a host of valuable learning objectives, including developing and enhancing conceptual/treatment skills; developing and crystallizing a psychotherapist identity; developing conviction about the meaningfulness of psychotherapy itself; and monitoring treatment efforts and safeguarding client care (Gamliel et al, 2020; Mastoras & Andrews, 2011; Ogren et al, 2014; Proctor, 2008). Although the group ideally becomes a functional entity, with all members meaningfully involved, our main focus here is on the supervisor’s contribution.…”
Section: Group Supervision Of Psychotherapy: the What And The Whymentioning
The multicultural orientation (MCO) framework, which has shown empirical promise as a pragmatic way to enhance cultural understandings in psychotherapy, appears equally important for psychotherapy supervision: Emerging conceptual/practical work and a bourgeoning base of empirical studies support MCO's contribution to supervision processes and outcomes. However, virtually all such MCO supervision focus has been on individual supervision. We maintain that MCO, an additive perspective to the attitudes/beliefs domain of the Multicultural Counseling Competencies framework, is just as pertinent for the group supervision of psychotherapy. Because (a) most supervisees receive group supervision at some point; (b) group supervision can be an economical way to address multicultural and social justice issues; and (c) MCO appears to be a fruitful perspective for enhancing cultural understandings, the integration of MCO into group supervision of psychotherapy is a logical next step in advancing multicultural supervision practice.
Clinical Impact StatementMulticultural orientation (MCO), consisting of cultural humility, cultural comfort, and cultural opportunities, can be fruitfully applied to the group supervision of psychotherapy. Illustrating that application, three group supervision vignettes are presented, and accompanying commentary is provided.
“…However, providing supervision in a group format may hamper a supervisor’s ability to deliver best practice as group processes can be detrimental to supervisory processes: feelings of shame may be exacerbated when revealing shortcomings, and rivalry may occur when discussing successes (Borders, 2014; Gautier, 2009; Hawkins and Shohet, 2006). Hence, individual supervision has been found to facilitate deeper reflection and learning (Ögren et al , 2014).…”
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to systematically identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative literature exploring the experience, both positive and negative, of clinical supervision from the supervisor’s perspective.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic search of three databases, grey literature, reference lists and citations was conducted. Six articles met the inclusion criteria and their quality was critically appraised by using a modified version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Data extracted from the articles were synthesised using meta-ethnography.
Findings
Four key themes were identified: experiencing difficulties in clinical supervision, responsibility, similarities to therapy and capabilities as a supervisor. These demonstrated that the role of a supervisor has the potential to be both beneficial and harmful to personal and professional development.
Research limitations/implications
The quality of the studies was variable. Further research is required to explore how supervisors manage difficult experiences to ensure personal development and growth.
Practical implications
Clinical implications include the need for employers to consider the additional pressure associated with providing clinical supervision and to ensure that appropriate support is available. Results complement previous research on the bi-directionality of parallel process in clinical supervision.
Originality/value
This review presents an original synthesis of the supervisor’s experience of delivering clinical supervision to qualified therapists. This is achieved by utilising a systematic methodology and appraising the quality of the studies included. The review highlights how the effects of clinical supervision are not limited to the supervisee, but also experienced by the supervisor. The competing demands and responsibilities associated with clinical supervision impact upon the supervisor’s experience, both positively and negatively. When beneficial, delivering clinical supervision can lead to personal and professional growth in addition to the acquisition of new skills.
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