Challenges faced by China compared with the US in developing wind power

Lu, Xi; Chen, Xinyu; Peng, Wei; Liu, Shiyang; Nielsen, Chris P.; Wang, Haikun

doi:10.1038/nenergy.2016.61

Cited by 171 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Energy use efficiency and renewable energy generation can benefit public health and the global climate system by displacing emissions from fossil-fuelled electricity generation units [4]. Expanding renewable energy, especially wind power, is a central strategy for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change [5,6]. Therefore, the evaluation of wind resources plays a significant role in the selection of appropriate sites for the establishment of wind farms, wind energy development, and national energy policy formulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Global Ocean Wind Energy Resources Using Multiple Satellite Data

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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Wind energy, as a vital renewable energy source, also plays a significant role in reducing carbon emissions and mitigating climate change. It is therefore of utmost necessity to evaluate ocean wind energy resources for electricity generation and environmental management. Ocean wind distribution around the globe can be obtained from satellite observations to compensate for limited in situ measurements. However, previous studies have largely ignored uncertainties in ocean wind energy resources assessment with multiple satellite data. It is against this background that the current study compares mean wind speeds (MWS) and wind power densities (WPD) retrieved from scatterometers (QuikSCAT, ASCAT) and radiometers (WindSAT) and their different combinations with National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) buoy measurements at heights of 10 m and 100 m (wind turbine hub height) above sea level. Our results show an improvement in the accuracy of wind resources estimation with the use of multiple satellite observations. This has implications for the acquisition of reliable data on ocean wind energy in support of management policies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Global Ocean Wind Energy Resources Using Multiple Satellite Data

Guo

Zhang

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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“…The 1800-2000 full-load hours guaranteed for wind power projects, or capacity factors of 20.5-23%, are a considerable increase from current levels in provinces with high levels of curtailment [ Table 6]. Still, they are well below the average potential capacity factor of 31.9% of China's existing wind farms [43].…”

Section: Supporting Policy Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

China's next renewable energy revolution: goals and mechanisms in the 13th Five Year Plan for energy

Gosens

Kåberger

Wang

2017

Energy Science & Engineering

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Over the past few months, China has published its development plans for the 13th Five Year Plan [FYP] period [2016–2020] for energy, and separately for the electricity sector, renewable energy, hydro, wind, solar, and biomass energy. Here, we review these policies, as well as a number of key supporting policy documents that aim at increased renewable energy use in China. Presuming that China will not overshoot its growth targets for wind and PV, annual additions over the 13th FYP period will average 16 GW for wind and 13.5 GW for PV, well below the growth levels seen in recent years. The key to success in China's continued transition to renewable energy, however, does not lie in such capacity additions alone. At least as important will be the efforts at improving grid interconnectedness, flexibility of generating capacity and the grid, market mechanisms that will reduce and spread electricity demand, and better enable renewables to compete, and efforts at increasing the level of consumption of the renewable power generated.

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“…China's current PV utilization strategy emphasizes local consumption, which means PV electricity is used within the province where it is generated. Utilization within broader regions is restricted by insufficient transmission capacity and limited incentives to promote power exchange and transmission [13][14][15]. The rapid development of utility-scale PV in the northwest and the focus on local consumption have led to significant grid integration constraints.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In two of the five northwestern provinces, Gansu and Xinjiang, PV penetration rates in 2015 were 8% and 5.4%; however more than 30% of the electricity generated from PV there was curtailed in 2015 and 2016 [11,16]. Previous studies have demonstrated that inadequate transmission capacity in China limits the ability of provinces to export excess wind and solar generation, and results in wind and solar-generated electricity being curtailed in Northwestern and Northeastern China where wind and solar resources are abundant [15,17]. Continuing the current utility-scale deployment and utilization strategies in the future, if a major upgrade of the current power grid does not occur, would likely lead to more curtailment of PV electricity generation in western China due to lack of demand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate, air quality and human health benefits of various solar photovoltaic deployment scenarios in China in 2030

Yang

Peng

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation can greatly reduce both air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuel electricity generation. The Chinese government plans to greatly scale up solar PV installation between now and 2030. However, different PV development pathways will influence the range of air quality and climate benefits. Benefits depend on how much electricity generated from PV is integrated into power grids and the type of power plant displaced. Using a coal-intensive power sector projection as the base case, we estimate the climate, air quality, and related human health benefits of various 2030 PV deployment scenarios. We use the 2030 government goal of 400 GW installed capacity but vary the location of PV installation and the extent of inter-provincial PV electricity transmission. We find that deploying distributed PV in the east with inter-provincial transmission maximizes potential CO 2 reductions and air quality-related health benefits (4.2% and 1.2% decrease in national total CO 2 emissions and air pollution-related premature deaths compared to the base case, respectively). Deployment in the east with inter-provincial transmission results in the largest benefits because it maximizes displacement of the dirtiest coal-fired power plants and minimizes PV curtailment, which is more likely to occur without inter-provincial transmission. We further find that the maximum co-benefits achieved with deploying PV in the east and enabling inter-provincial transmission are robust under various maximum PV penetration levels in both provincial and regional grids. We find large potential benefits of policies that encourage distributed PV deployment and facilitate inter-provincial PV electricity transmission in China.

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Challenges faced by China compared with the US in developing wind power

Cited by 171 publications

References 26 publications

Assessing Global Ocean Wind Energy Resources Using Multiple Satellite Data

Assessing Global Ocean Wind Energy Resources Using Multiple Satellite Data

China's next renewable energy revolution: goals and mechanisms in the 13th Five Year Plan for energy

Climate, air quality and human health benefits of various solar photovoltaic deployment scenarios in China in 2030

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