Challenges for the future of tandem photovoltaics on the path to terawatt levels: a technology review

Martinho, Filipe

doi:10.1039/d1ee00540e

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 130 publications

(207 reference statements)

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“…As the future of PV film fabrication may be envisioned to be low-cost R2R manufacturing (e.g., similar to newspaper printing), controlling the dopants added to the absorbers of flexible PV modules that can be rolled up, transported, and handled easily is crucial. [13,35,36,40] Besides, most flexible substrates lack an alkali source inherent to SLG substrates, which necessitates an extrinsic supply method. [35] Consequently, the recent power efficiency improvements in vacuum-processed CIGSSe demonstrate the need for extrinsic impurities ("dopants"), and serve as motivation for the enhancements (e.g., morphological, optoelectronic) that can be made to devices with ink-deposited absorber layers.…”

Section: The Motivation For Doping Cu(inga)(sse) 2 Absorber Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 12 ] However, in 2020, PV electricity still only accounted for 3.5% (≈1 TW cumulative installed capacity) of the total electricity generated globally. [ 13 ] Higher power conversion efficiencies (PCE), lower maintenance and manufacturing costs, and longer module lifetimes will foster the spread of PV electricity around the globe. [ 14–16 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications

Rokke

Drew

Alruqobah

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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forest fires, and melting glaciers: it is evident that global over-reliance on fossil fuels must shift in favor of carbonfree energy sources to mitigate climate change. [1][2][3] Global energy consumption in 2020 was 162 Petawatt hours (PWh), out of which the electricity consumption was ≈30 PWh. [2,4] It is predicted that by 2050, an additional 30 TW will be required to meet mankind's increasing power demands. [5][6][7] The sun is an inexhaustible clean energy source transmitting nearly 120 000 TW to the earth's surface, far greater in magnitude than all other renewable energy sources combined. [8,9] While this power is abundantly available, harnessing it on terawatt scales with reliable and cost-efficient methods poses a tremendous challenge. [9] Photovoltaics (PVs) harvest the sun's energy by directly converting photons into electricity without the release of greenhouse gases (GHGs). PV systems are reliable, silent (no moving parts), and operate on a zero-cost energy source. These advantages coupled with the falling prices of energy storage systems suggest that PV systems can provide a continuous supply of electricity for residential and commercial applications. [8,9] The levelized cost of energy (LCOE) can be used to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different energy sources. [10,11] For PV systems, LCOE denotes the discounted lifetime costs associated with the PV system installation divided by the discounted lifetime energy production of the system (typically ≈ 25 years). In sunny regions, the LCOE for utility-scale PV (29 $/MWh) now competes with electricity generated from conventional sources

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Section: The Motivation For Doping Cu(inga)(sse) 2 Absorber Layersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications

Rokke

Drew

Alruqobah

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…From an industrial and commercial point of view, tandem PV can be uniquely more advantageous than conventional single junction technologies, if the disproportion in levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is further reduced. [309][310][311] This can only be achieved by reaching even higher efficiencies and power densities in W m −2 than state-of-the-art single junctions PV while sustaining cheaper costs of materials and processes in $ W −1 . [278,309] Currently, this is one of the major obstacles for the integration of tandem PV technologies in urban and residential applications.…”

Section: Bandgap Tuning In Multijunction Sc Technologies With Tandem ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[309][310][311] This can only be achieved by reaching even higher efficiencies and power densities in W m −2 than state-of-the-art single junctions PV while sustaining cheaper costs of materials and processes in $ W −1 . [278,309] Currently, this is one of the major obstacles for the integration of tandem PV technologies in urban and residential applications. [302] However, novel developed materials and concept innovations are expected to further reduce the fabrication cost and promote the economic competitiveness of tandem technologies, with regard to conventional single junction counterparts.…”

Section: Bandgap Tuning In Multijunction Sc Technologies With Tandem ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Meddeb

Götz‐Köhler

Neugebohrn

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass, to enable a steady mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, which are causing the planetary climate change and global warming. [5][6][7] Additionally, due to the economic development and the worldwide urbanization, a continuous rise of the global energy consumption across all key sectors, that is, power, heating, industry, and transport is occurring. This is expressed by an increase in the annual global electricity demand by 4.5% in 2021 corresponding to additional 1000 TWh. [4] Hence, strict criteria for the selection of competitive and abundant energy alternatives are imposed, requiring high yield at affordable prices. [8] The share of total renewables power generation excluding hydropower exceeded 3000 TWh in 2020, corresponding to almost 12% of the global electricity generation. [3] Considering an effective synergy between various sustainable energy candidates, solar photovoltaics (PV) have demonstrated great capabilities that can satisfy the requirements in the pathway towards 100% renewable electricity. [9][10][11][12] Owing to the research and development activities over the last decades, the power conversion efficiencies of solar cells (SC) have skyrocketed with a prolonged operation lifetime (>15 years) and a drastic plummeting in manufacturing costs (global average module selling price below $0.25 per W). [6,[13][14][15] The rapid universal deployment of PV resulted in a contribution of about 3.4% in the worldwide electricity generation in 2020. [3] Presently, the global installed PV capacity is approaching 1 TW and it is envisioned to reach ≈10 TW by 2030 and 30 to 70 TW by 2050. [16] Interestingly, along with massive electricity production using conventional solar power plants and rooftop solar panels, ancillary concepts of PV offer new strategies for supplying modern systems in versatile applications. [17][18][19] Moreover, diverse functionalities beyond solar energy harvesting can be afforded by adaptive PV, including aesthetic appearance, visual comfort and thermal management. [17,18,20,21] The distributed nature and the ubiquitous accessibility of multifunctional PV products are substantial features of solar PV in contrast to other renewable energies. However, traditional SCs dominating the market impose intrinsic optoelectronic and thermomechanical limitations, that prohibit their multifunctional utilization. To overcome these drawbacks, novel functional materials and innovative device architecture Solar photovoltaics (PV) offer viable and sustainable solutions to satisfy the growing energy demand and to meet the pressing climate targets. The deployment of conventional PV technologies is one of the major contributors of the ongoing energy transition in electricity power sector. However, the diversity of PV paradigms can open different opportunities for supplying modern systems in a wide range of terrestrial, marine, and aerospace applications. Such ubiquitous and versatile applications necessitate the development of PV technologies with customized desig...

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“…So far, rapid research advances have been made to try to exceed the S–Q limit, such as intermediate band PVs, 4 multiple exciton generation and quantum confinement, 5 thermophotovoltaic concentration PVs, 6 and multi-junction tandem PVs. 7 Among these, a tandem configuration via stacking a top cell with a high- E g semiconductor and a bottom cell with a low- E g semiconductor to build a double-junction tandem SC is supposed to be a favored way to raise the PCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional InSb/GaAs- and InSb/InP-based tandem photovoltaic device with matched bandgap

Xie

Liu

et al. 2022

Nanoscale

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Challenges for the future of tandem photovoltaics on the path to terawatt levels: a technology review

Abstract: As the photovoltaic (PV) sector approaches 1 TW in cumulative installed capacity, we provide an overview of the current challenges to achieve further technological improvements. On the raw materials side,...

Cited by 43 publications

References 130 publications

Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications

Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Two-dimensional InSb/GaAs- and InSb/InP-based tandem photovoltaic device with matched bandgap

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Challenges for the future of tandem photovoltaics on the path to terawatt levels: a technology review

Abstract: As the photovoltaic (PV) sector approaches 1 TW in cumulative installed capacity, we provide an overview of the current challenges to achieve further technological improvements. On the raw materials side,...

Cited by 43 publications

References 130 publications

Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications

Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications

Tunable Photovoltaics: Adapting Solar Cell Technologies to Versatile Applications

Two-dimensional InSb/GaAs- and InSb/InP-based tandem photovoltaic device with matched bandgap

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications

Extrinsic Doping of Ink‐Based Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)₂‐Absorbers for Photovoltaic Applications