Challenges of Maintaining Optimal Nutrition Status in COVID‐19 Patients in Intensive Care Settings

Minnelli, Nicole; Gibbs, Lisa; Larrivee, Jennifer; Sahu, Kamal Kant

doi:10.1002/jpen.1996

Cited by 33 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Thus, knowledge gaps are addressed with articles based on theory, experience, prior evidence for extrapolation, and judgment, especially white papers and those in the gray literature. ASPEN 20,75 and the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism 76 have already published reports on nutrition management with COVID‐19, with a follow‐up review by Minnelli et al, 77 but it is the strategic planning of nutrition studies to generate original, high‐quality data to close research gaps, which can efficiently advance knowledge and promote optimal, evidence‐based, comprehensive care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Nutrition Research and the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the ASPEN COVID‐19 Task Force on Nutrition Research

Mechanick

Carbone

Dickerson

et al. 2020

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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The purpose of this scoping review by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) Nutrition Task Force was to examine nutrition research applicable to the COVID‐19 pandemic. The rapid pace of emerging scientific information has prompted this activity to discover research/knowledge gaps. This methodology adhered with recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute. There were 2301 citations imported. Of these, there were 439 articles fully abstracted, with 23 main topic areas identified across 24 article types and sourced across 61 countries and 51 specialties in 8 settings and among 14 populations. Epidemiological/mechanistic relationships between nutrition and COVID‐19 were reviewed and results mapped to the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Time (PICO‐T) questions. The aggregated data were analyzed by clinical stage: pre–COVID‐19, acute COVID‐19, and chronic/post–COVID‐19. Research gaps were discovered for all PICO‐T questions. Nutrition topics meriting urgent research included food insecurity/societal infrastructure and transcultural factors (pre–COVID‐19); cardiometabolic‐based chronic disease, pediatrics, nutrition support, and hospital infrastructure (acute COVID‐19); registered dietitian nutritionist counseling (chronic/post–COVID‐19); and malnutrition and management (all stages). The paucity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was particularly glaring. Knowledge gaps were discovered for PICO‐T questions on pediatrics, micronutrients, bariatric surgery, and transcultural factors (pre–COVID‐19); enteral nutrition, protein‐energy requirements, and glycemic control with nutrition (acute COVID‐19); and home enteral and parenteral nutrition support (chronic/post–COVID‐19). In conclusion, multiple critical areas for urgent nutrition research were identified, particularly using RCT design, to improve nutrition care for patients before, during, and after COVID‐19.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Nutrition Research and the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the ASPEN COVID‐19 Task Force on Nutrition Research

Mechanick

Carbone

Dickerson

et al. 2020

J Parenter Enteral Nutr

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“…In this regard, the nutritional deficiencies that may be caused by these agents in the long term are still among the issues that need to be clarified. However, there is some evidence suggesting that certain vitamins and minerals, which are reported to have supportive effects on the immune system, can increase the efficacy of these drugs in treatment [ 149 , 150 , 151 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in a review recently conducted by Grant et al, it was advised that people with higher risk of influenza and/or COVID-19 infection take 10,000 IU/day for a few weeks, to be subsequently followed by 5000 IU/day, for a reduced risk of infection and to rapidly raise serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations to levels higher than 40–60 ng/mL or 100–150 nmol/L [ 154 ]. These recommendations were then criticized [ 155 ] and it was stated that the risks and benefits should be evaluated with more caution before administering mega-vitamin doses to COVID-19 patients since there is currently a notable lack of concrete evidence [ 149 ].…”

Section: Covid-19 Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergent Drug and Nutrition Interactions in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

et al. 2021

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Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known to cause respiratory tract infections ranging from colds to more severe diseases, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). New Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which led to deaths as well as social and economic disruptions, is an ongoing worldwide pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there is no approved treatment for COVID-19. Hence, only supportive care has been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) for now. Pharmacological agents used for the adjunctive treatment of COVID-19 following the current literature and clinical experiences include antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-malaria drugs, and other traditional or untraditional treatments. However, it has been reported that the use of these drugs may have some negative effects and comorbidities. Moreover, the current data have indicated that the risk of drug-drug interactions may also be high in polypharmacy cases, especially in elderly people, some comorbidity situations, and intensive care unit (ICU) patients. It is highly possible that these situations can not only increase the risk of drug-drug interactions but also increase the risk of food/nutrition-drug interactions and affect the nutritional status. However, this issue has not yet been entirely discussed in the literature. In this review, current information on the possible mechanisms as well as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of some pharmacological agents used in the treatment of COVID-19 and/or their secondary interactions with nutrition were evaluated and some future directions were given.

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“…It is also the case in COVID-19 patients who often display increased pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines ( Huang et al, 2020 ). It becomes challenging especially in those with a severe disease who require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and nutritional interventions via enteral tubes; therefore, guidelines and recommendations emerged for this purpose, for example ( Minnelli et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Therapeutic Opportunitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered immunoemotional regulatory system in COVID-19: From the origins to opportunities

Pourriyahi

Saghazadeh

Rezaei

2021

Journal of Neuroimmunology

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The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the worldwide spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have led to social regulations that caused substantial changes in daily life. The subsequent loneliness and concerns of the pandemic during social distancing, quarantine, and lockdown are psychosocial stressors that negatively affect the immune system. These effects occur through mechanisms controlled by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis that alter immune regulation, namely the conserved transcriptional response to adversity (CTRA), which promotes inflammation and diminishes antiviral responses, leading to inadequate protection against viral disease. Unhealthy eating habits, physical inactivity, sleep disturbances, and mental health consequences of COVID-19 add to the pathological effects of loneliness, making immunity against this lethal virus an even tougher fight. Therefore, social isolation, with its unintended consequences, has inherently paradoxical effects on immunity in relation to viral disease. Though this paradox can present a challenge, its acknowledgment can serve as an opportunity to address the associated issues and find ways to mitigate the adverse effects. In this review, we aim to explore, in detail, the pathological effects of the new social norms on immunity and present suggested methods to improve our physical, psychological, and healthcare abilities to fight a viral infection in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Challenges of Maintaining Optimal Nutrition Status in COVID‐19 Patients in Intensive Care Settings

Cited by 33 publications

References 54 publications

Clinical Nutrition Research and the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the ASPEN COVID‐19 Task Force on Nutrition Research

Clinical Nutrition Research and the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the ASPEN COVID‐19 Task Force on Nutrition Research

Emergent Drug and Nutrition Interactions in COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review

Altered immunoemotional regulatory system in COVID-19: From the origins to opportunities

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