Challenges Perceived by Health Care Providers for Implementation of Contact Screening and Isoniazid Chemoprophylaxis in Karnataka, India

Chawla, Kiran; Nagaraja, Sharath Burugina; Siddalingaiah, Nayana; Sanju, Chidananda; Shenoy, Vishnu Prasad; Kumar, Udaya; Das, Arundathi; Hazra, Druti; Seshadri, Suresh; Singarajipur, Anil; Reddy, Ramesh Chandra

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6030167

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In a similar study conducted by Laghari et al in India, only 9.3% of contacts were screened [ 29 ]. Our earlier research findings have also highlighted the need for constant screening for early diagnosis of pediatric TB cases [ 30 ]. Child’s education According to our findings, the odds of school-going children developing TB are insignificant compared to the children not attending school.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors for the development of tuberculosis among the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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Pediatric tuberculosis is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in children due to high transmission, poor diagnostic tools, and various respiratory diseases mimicking TB. Identifying risk factors will provide evidence for clinicians to strongly relate their diagnosis to the associated pathology. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar, systematically reviewed, and meta-analyzed for various risk factors and their association with pediatric TB. Meta-analysis depicted that four out of eleven risk factors were significant—contact with known TB cases (OR 6.42 [3.85,10.71]), exposure to smoke (OR 2.61 [1.24, 5.51]), overcrowding in the houses (OR 2.29 [1.04, 5.03]), and, poor household conditions (OR 2.65 [1.38, 5.09]). Although significant odds ratio estimates were obtained, we observed heterogeneity in the studies included. Conclusion: The study findings demand the constant screening of risk factors such as contact with known TB cases, exposure to smoke, overcrowding, and, poor household conditions for the development of pediatric TB. What is Known:• Knowledge of the risk factors of a disease is of utmost importance in the planning and institution of its control measures. Well-established risk factors in the occurrence of TB in the pediatric group are HIV positivity, older age and close contact with a known case of TB. What is New:• In addition to what is already known; this review and meta-analysis has identified exposure to indoor smoking, overcrowding and poor household conditions as important risk factors for developing pediatric TB.• Implications of the study: The findings highlight that in addition to routine contact screening for the pediatric group, the children living in poor household conditions and getting exposed to passive indoor smoking demand more attention to prevent the development of pediatric TB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for the development of tuberculosis among the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2023

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“…In India, the challenges in pediatric TB contact screening and chemoprophylaxis initiation are also underexplored. A study from India (Chawla et al [ 9 ]) explored a comprehensive approach to understand the challenges in contact screening and chemoprophylaxis initiation and implementation of the pediatric household contacts as perceived by health care providers. Key challenges identified included stigma, difficulty reaching patients and collecting samples, and difficulty ensuring acceptance and adherence of TB preventive treatment (TPT).…”

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Holistic Approach to Tuberculosis Detection, Treatment and Prevention: Emerging Evidence and Strategies from the Field

et al. 2022

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Community views on active case finding for tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis

Taylor,

Medley,

van Wyk

et al. 2024

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Active case finding (ACF) refers to the systematic identification of people with tuberculosis in communities and amongst populations who do not present to health facilities, through approaches such as door‐to‐door screening or contact tracing. ACF may improve access to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment for the poor and for people remote from diagnostic and treatment facilities. As a result, ACF may also reduce onward transmission. However, there is a need to understand how these programmes are experienced by communities in order to design appropriate services. Objectives To synthesize community views on tuberculosis active case finding (ACF) programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Search methods We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and eight other databases up to 22 June 2023, together with reference checking, citation searching, and contact with study authors to identify additional studies. We did not include grey literature. Selection criteria This review synthesized qualitative research and mixed‐methods studies with separate qualitative data. Eligible studies explored community experiences, perceptions, or attitudes towards ACF programmes for tuberculosis in any endemic low‐ or middle‐income country, with no time restrictions. Data collection and analysis Due to the large volume of studies identified, we chose to sample studies that had 'thick' description and that investigated key subgroups of children and refugees. We followed standard Cochrane methods for study description and appraisal of methodological limitations. We conducted thematic synthesis and developed codes inductively using ATLAS.ti software. We examined codes for underlying ideas, connections, and interpretations and, from this, generated analytical themes. We assessed the confidence in the findings using the GRADE‐CERQual approach, and produced a conceptual model to display how the different findings interact. Main results We included 45 studies in this synthesis, and sampled 20. The studies covered a broad range of World Health Organization (WHO) regions (Africa, South‐East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean, and the Americas) and explored the views and experiences of community members, community health workers, and clinical staff in low‐ and middle‐income countries endemic for tuberculosis. The following five themes emerged. • ACF improves access to diagnosis for many, but does little to help communities on the edge. Tuberculosis ACF and contact tracing improve access to health services for people with worse health and fewer resources (High confidence). ACF helps to find this population, exposed to deprived living conditions, but is not sensitive to additional dimensions of their plight (High confidence) and out‐of‐pocket costs necessary to continue care (High confidence). Finally, migration and difficult geography further reduc...

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Challenges Perceived by Health Care Providers for Implementation of Contact Screening and Isoniazid Chemoprophylaxis in Karnataka, India

Cited by 4 publications

References 10 publications

Risk factors for the development of tuberculosis among the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Risk factors for the development of tuberculosis among the pediatric population: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Holistic Approach to Tuberculosis Detection, Treatment and Prevention: Emerging Evidence and Strategies from the Field

Community views on active case finding for tuberculosis in low- and middle-income countries: a qualitative evidence synthesis

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