Chances and Challenges in Automotive Predictive Control

Re, Luigi del; Ortner, Peter B.; Alberer, Daniel

doi:10.1007/978-1-84996-071-7_1

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…According to [98], main difficulty here is the lack of sufficiently precise models for design and operation, and of tools for on-line identification. One significant problem is that a model may work accurately at a subsystem level, but when coupled with other models, significant deviations may occur because of several closedloop interactions at an engine level [97].…”

Section: Mils / Silsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Challenging Future for the IC Engine: New Technologies and the Control Role

Payri

Lujan

Guardiola

et al. 2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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-New regulations on pollutants and, specially, on CO 2 emissions could restrict the use of the internal combustion engine in automotive applications. This paper presents a review of different technologies under development for meeting such regulations, ranging from new combustion concepts to advanced boosting methods and after-treatment systems. Many of them need an accurate control of the operating conditions and, in many cases, they impose demanding requirements at a system integration level. In this framework, engine control disciplines will be key for the implementation and development of the next generation engines, taking profit of recent advancements in models, methods and sensors. According to authors' opinion, the internal combustion engine will still be the dominant technology in automotive applications for the next decades.Re´sume´-Un challenge pour le futur du moteur a`combustion interne : nouvelles technologies et roˆle du controˆle moteur -Les nouvelles normes sur les e´missions, en particulier le CO 2 , pourraient re´duire l'utilisation du moteur a`combustion interne pour les ve´hicules. Cet article pre´sente une revue de diffe´rentes technologies en cours de de´veloppement afin de respecter ces normes, depuis de nouveaux concepts de combustion jusqu'a`des syste`mes avance´s de suralimentation ou de post-traitement. La plupart de ces technologies demande un controˆle pre´cis des conditions de fonctionnement et impose souvent de fortes contraintes lors de l'inte´gration des syste`mes. Dans ce contexte et en profitant des dernie`res avance´es dans les mode`les, les me´thodes et les capteurs, le controˆle moteur jouera un roˆle clef dans la mise en oeuvre et le de´veloppement de la prochaine ge´ne´ration de moteurs. De l'avis des auteurs, le moteur ac ombustion interne restera la technologie dominante pour les ve´hicules des prochaines de´cennies.

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Section: Mils / Silsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Challenging Future for the IC Engine: New Technologies and the Control Role

Payri

Lujan

Guardiola

et al. 2014

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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“…The function and variables in (10) are not the same as in (6). The references are tracked by introducing a quadratic cost on the deviations from (8).…”

Section: B Low-level Control-input Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use the single-track model combined with the experimentally verified weighting-functions tire model, which incorporates combined-slip behavior. The low-level controlinput allocator is formulated as a nonlinear model-predictive control (NMPC) problem [6] over a part of the high-level references. Nonlinear optimization problems sometimes fail to converge, or the convergence is slow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical predictive control for ground-vehicle maneuvering

Berntorp

Magnusson

2015

2015 American Control Conference (ACC)

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Abstract-This paper presents a hierarchical approach to feedback-based trajectory generation for improved vehicle autonomy. Hierarchical vehicle-control structures have been used before-for example, in electronic stability control systems, where a low-level control loop tracks high-level references. Here, the control structure includes a nonlinear vehicle model already at the high level to generate optimization-based references. A nonlinear model-predictive control (MPC) formulation, combined with a linearized MPC acting as a backup controller, tracks these references by allocating torque and steer commands. With this structure the two control layers have a physical coupling, which makes it easier for the low-level loop to track the references. Simulation results show improved performance over an approach based on linearized MPC, as well as feasibility for online implementations.

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“…The advantages of this approach is it's relative simplicity, both in that no prior knowledge of the system is required and also that the resulting models are often very fast, [21,33]. The resulting states often have no physical meaning, making analysis difficult [15,62].…”

Section: Modeling Of Diesel-electric Powertrainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resulting states often have no physical meaning, making analysis difficult [15,62]. Further, the model is only valid around the operating conditions for which it was tuned, leading to questionable extrapolation properties and putting high requirements on training data [21].…”

Section: Modeling Of Diesel-electric Powertrainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Control of Electrified Powertrains

Sivertsson

2015

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The cover: Front: Formulation and solution of an optimal control problem, coincidentally the benchmark problem in Paper 6. Back: Positive and not so positive exit messages from the solvers used in the dissertation. Typeset with L A T E X 2εPrinted by LiU-Tryck, Linköping, Sweden 2015 i Abstract Vehicle powertrain electrification, i.e. combining the internal combustion engine (ICE) with an electric motor (EM), is a potential way of meeting the increased demands for efficient and low emission transportation, at a price of increased powertrain complexity since more degrees of freedom (DoF) have been introduced. Optimal control is used in a series of studies of how to best exploit the additional DoFs.In a diesel-electric powertrain the absence of a secondary energy storage and mechanical connection between the ICE and the wheels means that all electricity used by the EMs needs to be produced simultaneously by the ICE, whose rotational speed is a DoF. This in combination with the relatively slow dynamics of the turbocharger in the ICE puts high requirements on good transient control.In optimal control studies, accurate models with good extrapolation properties are needed. For this aim two nonlinear physics based models are developed and made available that fulfill these requirements, these are also smooth in the region of interest, to enable gradient based optimization techniques. Using optimal control and one of the developed models, the turbocharger dynamics are shown to have a strong impact on how to control the powertrain and neglecting these can lead to erroneous estimates both in the response of the powertrain as well as how the powertrain should be controlled. Also the objective, whether time or fuel is to be minimized, influences the engine speed-torque path to be used, even though it is shown that the time optimal solution is almost fuel optimal. To increase the freedom of the powertrain control, a small energy storage can be added to assist in the transients. This is shown to be especially useful to decrease the response time of the powertrain, but the manner it is used, depends on the time horizon of the optimal control problem.The resulting optimal control solutions are for certain cases oscillatory when stationary controls would have been expected. This is shown to be neither an artifact of the discretization used nor a result of the modeling assumptions used. Instead it is for the formulated problems actually optimal to use periodic control in certain stationary operating points. Measurements show that the pumping torque is different depending on whether the controls are periodic or constant despite the same average value. Whether this is beneficial or not depends on the operating point and control frequency, but can be predicted using optimal periodic control theory.In hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) the size of the energy storage reduces the impact of poor transient control, since the battery can compensate for the slower dynamics of the ICE. For HEVs the problem instead is how and when to use the b...

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Chances and Challenges in Automotive Predictive Control

Cited by 28 publications

References 43 publications

A Challenging Future for the IC Engine: New Technologies and the Control Role

A Challenging Future for the IC Engine: New Technologies and the Control Role

Hierarchical predictive control for ground-vehicle maneuvering

Optimal Control of Electrified Powertrains

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