Change in flower morphology of Torenia fournieri Lind. induced by forchlorfenuron application

Nishijima, Takaaki; Shima, Kunihisa

doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2006.05.005

Cited by 20 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The AGSRDX transgenic torenia plants (abbreviated as "AGSRDX plants" hereafter) exhibited strongly serrated petal margins and deformed stigmas, but no redundancy in petal number. The unexpected phenotypes observed in the transgenic plants resembled those induced by treatment with a synthetic cytokinin analog, forchlorfenuron (N-[2-chloro-4-pyridyl]-NЈ-phenylurea, CPPU), as reported recently by Nishijima and Shima (2006), especially in the formation of perturbed vascular bundles in petals and styles. The relationship between the observed morphological changes and the function of the AGSRDX in controlling such cytokinin-dependent morphological events is discussed.…”

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confidence: 71%

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Chimeric AGAMOUS repressor induces serrated petal phenotype in Torenia fournieri similar to that induced by cytokinin application

Narumi

Aida

Niki

et al. 2008

Plant Biotechnology

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The homeotic protein AGAMOUS (AG) terminates the floral meristem and promotes the development of stamens and carpels in Arabidopsis. Disruption of its function or expression of the chimeric AG repressor (AGSRDX) results in redundant petals, known as a double flower phenotype. To investigate whether this morphological change in Arabidopsis is applicable to ornamental flowers to increase their horticultural value, we introduced AGSRDX into torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) plants. Transgenic torenia plants expressing AGSRDX showed no redundancy in petal number, although they exhibited serration in petal margins, anthocyanin accumulation and morphological change in the stigma surface, and formation of extra vascular bundles in petals and styles. Anatomical observation of petals and styles revealed that these phenotypes are highly similar to those of forchlorfenuron (CPPU)-treated torenia plants especially in the derangement of vascular bundles. Phenotypes similar to AGSRDX transgenic torenia plants were also observed when the chimeric repressors for torenia C-function genes TfFAR or TfPLE1, homologs of Antirrhinum FARINELLI and PLENA respectively, were expressed. These results suggest that the morphological changes in AGSRDX transgenic torenia plants are induced by the disruption of C-function. These novel phenotypes might be caused by the modification of cytokinin-dependent regulation in vascular bundle formation and ectopic expression of the chimeric repressors in all whorls by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter.

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confidence: 71%

“…CPPU (Sigma-Aldrich, Japan) was dissolved in 20% (v/v) aqueous acetone as described previously (Nishijima and Shima 2006). Eight microliters of 3.0 mM solution was applied to the apex of each inflorescence (nϭ5 inflorescences per treatment) of wild-type and AGSRDX plants.…”

Section: Application Of Cytokininmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chimeric AGAMOUS repressor induces serrated petal phenotype in Torenia fournieri similar to that induced by cytokinin application

Narumi

Aida

Niki

et al. 2008

Plant Biotechnology

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“…The samples were then transferred to 100% t-butanol, freezedried, and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (VE-7800; Keyence, Osaka, Japan). Floral stages were identified according to Nishijima and Shima (2006). Surface structures of mature floral organs were observed by directly subjecting the raw samples to SEM.…”

Section: Microscopic Observationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate expression of floral homeotic genes in NT, MT, and SR flowers, the corolla, stamen, and pistil were collected from flower buds during the early and late portions of the petal development stage (stage 6; Nishijima and Shima, 2006). Corolla length was 4-6 and 14-16 mm early and late in stage 6, respectively.…”

Section: Expression Analysis Of Floral Homeotic Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel “Petaloid” Mutant of Torenia (<i>Torenia fournieri</i> Lind. ex Fourn.) Bears Double Flowers through Insertion of the DNA Transposon <i>Ttf1</i> into a C-class Floral Homeotic Gene

Nishijima

Niki

2016

Hortic J

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A double-flowered torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind. ex Fourn.) mutant, "Petaloid", was obtained from selfed progeny of the "Flecked" mutant, in which the transposition of the DNA transposon Ttf1 is active. A normal torenia flower has a synsepalous calyx consisting of 5 sepals, a synpetalous corolla consisting of 5 petals, 4 distinct stamens, and a syncarpous pistil consisting of 2 carpels. In contrast, a flower of the "Petaloid" mutant has 4 distinct petals converted from stamens, whereas the calyx, corolla, and pistil remain unchanged. The double-flower trait of the "Petaloid" mutant was unstable; some or all of the 4 petals converted from stamens frequently reverted to stamens. Furthermore, most S 1 plants obtained from self-pollination of the somatic revertant flower bore only normal single flowers. In petals converted from stamens, expression of the C-class floral homeotic gene T. fournieri FARINELLI (TfFAR) was almost completely inhibited. This inhibition was caused by insertion of Ttf1 into the 2nd intron of TfFAR, whereas reversion of converted petals to stamens was caused by excision of Ttf1 from TfFAR. The clear correspondence of the TfFAR genotype to the floral phenotype suggested that homozygous TfFAR alleles with the Ttf1 insertion caused the mutant phenotype. In contrast, TfFAR was moderately expressed in the pistil of the "Petaloid" mutant, leaving the pistil unchanged. We succeeded in inactivating Ttf1 transposition by cross-pollination between mutant and normal-type plants to genetically separate the transposon Ttf1 from the unidentified factor activating its transposition, which made the "Petaloid" mutation more stable.

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“…Application of a synthetic cytokinin, forchlorfenuron (CPPU), to inflorescences of torenia has induced flower shape modification, such as serrate petals, incised petals, a paracorolla, and an increased number of floral organs (Nishijima and Shima 2006). These morphological changes occurred systematically depending on the floral stage at the time of CPPU application.…”

Section: Modification Of Flower Shapementioning

confidence: 99%

Torenia fournieri (torenia) as a model plant for transgenic studies

Aida

2008

Plant Biotechnology

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Change in flower morphology of Torenia fournieri Lind. induced by forchlorfenuron application

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Chimeric AGAMOUS repressor induces serrated petal phenotype in Torenia fournieri similar to that induced by cytokinin application

Chimeric AGAMOUS repressor induces serrated petal phenotype in Torenia fournieri similar to that induced by cytokinin application

A Novel “Petaloid” Mutant of Torenia (<i>Torenia fournieri</i> Lind. ex Fourn.) Bears Double Flowers through Insertion of the DNA Transposon <i>Ttf1</i> into a C-class Floral Homeotic Gene

Torenia fournieri (torenia) as a model plant for transgenic studies

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