Change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Australians, 1969–1997

Booth, Michael; Chey, Tien; Wake, Melissa; Norton, Kevin; Hesketh, Kylie; Dollman, James; Robertson, Ian

doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.1.29

Cited by 258 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…[9][10][11][12][13][14] The waist circumference measure, a proxy of visceral fat, is uniformly included in the diagnosis of the 'metabolic syndrome' in both children and adults. 99 Safe and effective treatments for central obesity in youth are urgently needed, given the increasing prevalence of overweight in youth, [1][2][3][4][5] and that the prevalence of 'metabolic syndrome' in overweight children and adolescents has been reported to be as high as 29-50%, 10,13 and rising. 100 Numerous studies have found that physically active boys and girls are at decreased risk of metabolic syndrome compared with those less active.…”

Section: Central Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2006

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Background: Overweight prevalence among children/adolescents is increasing, while adult obesity may potentially cause a decline in life expectancy. More exercise is uniformly recommended, although treatment efficacy remains unclear. Objective: To determine the efficacy of exercise alone for treating overweight in children/adolescents. Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials published in English were completed following multiple database searches performed on December 10, 2004. Studies of isolated or adjunctive exercise/physical activity treatment in overweight/obese children or adolescents which reported any overweight outcome were included. Literature searches identified 645 papers which were manually searched, of which 45 were considered for inclusion, of which 13 papers which reported 14 studies were included (N ¼ 481 overweight boys and girls, aged B12 years). Two reviewers independently identified relevant papers for potential inclusion and assessed methodological quality. Principal measures of effects included the mean difference (MD) (between treatment and control groups), the weighted MD (WMD), and the standardized MD (SMD). Results: Few studies were of robust design. The pooled SMD was À0.4 (À0.7, À0.1, P ¼ 0.006) for percent body fat, and À0.2 (À0.6, 0.1, P ¼ 0.07) for central obesity outcomes, whereas the pooled WMD was À2.7 kg (À6.1 kg, 0.8 kg, P ¼ 0.07) for body weight, all of which favored exercise. Pooled effects on body weight were significant and larger for studies of higher doses, whereas nonsignificant and smaller effects were seen for studies of lower doses of exercise (155-180 min/weeks vs 120-150 min/ weeks). Conclusions: Based on the small number of short-term randomized trials currently available, an aerobic exercise prescription of 155-180 min/weeks at moderate-to-high intensity is effective for reducing body fat in overweight children/adolescents, but effects on body weight and central obesity are inconclusive. Recommendations for future study designs are discussed.

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Section: Central Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] In adults, the morbidity and mortality burden of obesity is well documented. Of major concern is the growing body of evidence reporting overweight-related morbidity in childhood and adolescence, both in the psychosocial [6][7][8] and physiological domain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

2006

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“…4 Although the epidemic is attracting substantial health, media and public attention, parent perceptions about the overweight status of their own children often seem to be inconsistent with the magnitude of public health concern. Assuming that addressing the childhood obesity epidemic requires at least some individual change, it is important to understand underlying perceptions at the individual level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does maternal concern about children's weight affect children's body size perception at the age of 6.5?—A community-based study

et al. 2008

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Objective: Though overweight is often established by school entry, not all mothers of such children report weight concerns. Enhancing concern might assist lifestyle change, but could lead to child body dissatisfaction. We investigated (i) perceived/ desired body size and body dissatisfaction in mothers and their 6.5-year-old children, and (ii) the impact of earlier maternal concern about overweight on children's body mass index (BMI) status and body dissatisfaction. Design: Prospective community study. Setting: Melbourne, Australia. Subjects: 317 mother-child dyads. Main exposures: Child and maternal BMI (kg m À2 ) at 4.0 and 6.5 years; maternal concern about child overweight at 4.0 years. Outcome measures: Paired perceived and desired body size on 7-point figural rating scales self-reported by mothers and children, and reported by mothers regarding children; dissatisfaction ('desired' minus 'perceived') score. Results: For all three actual BMI perceived size pairings (mother self-report, mother's report on child and child self-report), BMI correlated with perceived body size (r ¼ 0.82 (mother self-report); r ¼ 0.65 (mother reporting on child); r ¼ 0.22 (child selfreport); all Po0.001). Similarly, all three dissatisfaction scores were greater with increasing BMI status. Children's own dissatisfaction scores correlated with their actual BMI, but were not related to mothers' own body dissatisfaction scores or with mothers' dissatisfaction with children's body size. Maternal concern about overweight at the age of 4 years was not associated with BMI change, or child body dissatisfaction by the age of 6.5. Most mothers of overweight and obese children (88 and 90%, respectively) regarded their child as the middle figure (that is, 4) or thinner. Conclusions: Despite low rates of recognition of child overweight, maternal perceptions of the child's body correlated strongly with the child's actual BMI. Maternal concerns about child BMI did not appear to impact on child BMI change or child body dissatisfaction.

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“…Many recent reports have indicated that the prevalence of obesity in childhood and adolescence has been increasing worldwide at an alarming rate (Hanley et al, 2000;Chinn and Rona, 2001;Chu, 2001;Flegal et al, 2001;Booth et al, 2003). According to the US Surgeon General, the number of overweight children has doubled and the number of overweight adolescents has tripled since 1980.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relations between obesity and hypertension: preliminary data from a cross-sectional study in primary schoolchildren: The children study

et al. 2006

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Objective: To record the prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension in primary schoolchildren living in one of the poorest regions in Europe and furthermore to identify certain behavioural, lifestyle and physiological parameters associated with body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Nineteen primary schools within the county of Ioannina, Greece. Subjects and methods: Demographic, dietary and physical activity data as well as anthropometrical, BP and cardiorespiratory fitness measurements were obtained from a representative sample of 312 school children (153 boys and 159 girls) attending 5th grade. Inclusion of subjects in the study was voluntary. One-way analysis of variance and multiple linear regression analysis were mainly applied for the evaluation of the tested hypotheses. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 29.4 and 11.8% for boys and 39.0 and 7.5% for girls. The prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension was 28.1 and 7.8% for boys and 26.4 and 17.0% for girls. Furthermore, BMI and BP (systolic and diastolic) were positively related to frequency of fast food meals (rho: þ 0.28, P ¼ 0.033, rho: þ 1.09, P ¼ 0.03 and rho: þ 0.86, P ¼ 0.014, respectively) but negatively to leisure time physical activity (rho: À5.55, P ¼ 0.005, rho: À3.32 Â 10 À2 , Po0.001 and rho: À2.08 Â 10 À2 , Po0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The current study revealed an increased prevalence of overweight, obesity and hypertension among schoolchildren in Ioannina, indicating the need for early preventive measures in one of the less privileged regions of Europe.

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Change in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among young Australians, 1969–1997

Cited by 258 publications

References 12 publications

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Efficacy of exercise for treating overweight in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Does maternal concern about children's weight affect children's body size perception at the age of 6.5?—A community-based study

Relations between obesity and hypertension: preliminary data from a cross-sectional study in primary schoolchildren: The children study

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