Change in women's eating habits during the menstrual cycle

Kammoun, Inès; Saâda, W. Ben; Sifaou, Amira; Haouat, Emna; Kandara, Hajer; Salem, L. Ben; Slama, C. Ben

doi:10.1016/j.ando.2016.07.001

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Some studies have shown significant variations of appetite and energy intake in healthy women across their MC [ 49 , 50 ], in part explained by the influence of E2 and PG on gastric emptying and the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones such as glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) and cholecystokinin (CCK) [ 49 ]. Food intake thus may be higher during L than F in lean women [ 51 , 52 ], with an increase in macronutrient intake, especially sweet foods, in LaL [ 53 , 54 ], but the changes remain poorly understood. Female athletes have distinct nutritional needs based on their sport, exercise intensity, and season [ 55 ], with disordered eating observed in athletes from several sports, especially esthetic ones [ 56 ], limiting understanding of the impact of MC on food intake.…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms: Performance and Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Castanier

Bougault

Jaffré

et al. 2021

Life

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Female athletes have garnered considerable attention in the last few years as more and more women participate in sports events. However, despite the well-known repercussions of female sex hormones, few studies have investigated the specificities of elite female athletes. In this review, we present the current but still limited data on how normal menstrual phases, altered menstrual phases, and hormonal contraception affect both physical and cognitive performances in these elite athletes. To examine the implicated mechanisms, as well as the potential performances and health risks in this population, we then take a broader multidisciplinary approach and report on the causal/reciprocal relationships between hormonal status and mental and physical health in young (18–40 years) healthy females, both trained and untrained. We thus cover the research on both physiological and psychological variables, as well as on the Athlete Biological Passport used for anti-doping purposes. We consider the fairly frequent discrepancies and summarize the current knowledge in this new field of interest. Last, we conclude with some practical guidelines for eliciting improvements in physical and cognitive performance while minimizing the health risks for female athletes.

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Section: Possible Mechanisms: Performance and Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Specificities of Elite Female Athletes: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Castanier

Bougault

Jaffré

et al. 2021

Life

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“…The relevance of individualized dietary advice in women is becoming increasingly recognized, with dietary strategies varying according to the health status, physical condition and endogenous estrogen and progestogen variations during the MC [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 108 ]. Overall, the concentrations of estrogen and progesterone have an impact on the utilization of macronutrients not only at rest, but also during exercise.…”

Section: State Of Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, the concentrations of estrogen and progesterone have an impact on the utilization of macronutrients not only at rest, but also during exercise. Therefore, there might be a need to adjust the nutritional interventions during the MC phase in eumenorrheic women, especially because nutritional habits may change during such phases [ 13 ].…”

Section: State Of Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this vein, the relevance of individualized dietary advice in women is becoming increasingly recognized, with dietary strategies varying according to women’s physiology, especially due to the different sexual hormone concentrations during the MC [ 12 , 13 , 14 ]. Indeed, levels of endogenous estrogens and progesterone affect the proportions of macronutrients used as fuel not only at rest, but also during exercise training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bidirectional Interactions between the Menstrual Cycle, Exercise Training, and Macronutrient Intake in Women: A Review

et al. 2021

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Women have a number of specificities that differentiate them from men. In particular, the role of sex steroid hormones and the menstrual cycle (MC) significantly impact women’s physiology. The literature has shown nonlinear relationships between MC, exercise, and nutritional intake. Notably, these relationships are bidirectional and less straightforward than one would suppose. For example, the theoretical implications of the MC’s phases on exercise performance do not always translate into relevant practical effects. There is often a disconnect between internal measures (e.g., levels of hormone concentrations) and external performance. Furthermore, it is not entirely clear how nutritional intake varies across the MC’s phases and whether these variations impact on exercise performance. Therefore, a thorough review of the existing knowledge could help in framing these complex relationships and potentially contribute to the optimization of exercise prescription and nutritional intake according to the naturally occurring phases of the MC. Throughout this review, an emerging trend is the lack of generalizability and the need to individualize interventions, since the consequences of the MC’s phases and their relationships with exercise and nutritional intake seem to vary greatly from person to person. In this sense, average data are probably not relevant and could potentially be misleading.

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“…The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is associated with strong food cravings, especially for sweet-, carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods, contributing to higher energy intake and weight gain over time (12, 13). In a previous study, referred to henceforth as ‘our previous report’, we investigated the metabolic underpinnings of cravings focused on whether the primary ovarian hormones, estradiol and progesterone, as well as leptin were associated with craving for sweet, fat and carbohydrate rich foods (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%