Change of acute hepatitis B transmission routes in Japan

Arima, Shouko; Michitaka, Kojiro; Horiike, Norio; Kawai, Keiko; Matsubara, Hiroshi; Nakanishi, Seiji; Abe, Masanori; Hasebe, Aki; Terada, Yoshio; Yamamoto, Kazuhisa; Onji, Morikazu

doi:10.1007/s00535-003-1144-5

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The infectious routes of blood transfusion, non-sterilized medical materials, and maternal transmission are well controlled now, however, sexual transmission, which is the most common infectious route for adults in Japan [Arima et al, 2003], remains uncontrolled. On the other hand, several reports from the metropolitan area in Japan have described that acute hepatitis with HBV/A infection due to sexual transmission has been increasing [Kobayashi et al, 2002;Ogawa et al, 2002].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the history of hepatitis B virus genotype D in western Japan

Michitaka

Tanaka

Horiike

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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The major hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Japan are B and C. HBV genotype D (HBV/D), however, is widespread in a small area of Western Japan, where the Gianotti-Crosti syndrome caused by HBV subtype ayw, which is suspected to be HBV/D, was endemic in the 1970s. The aim of the study was to elucidate its origin, time of transmission, and spread in this area. Genotyping of HBV-DNA was done in 363 patients with HBV infection. The year of birth was checked in patients with HBV/D. The full genome sequences of 20 HBV/D strains, 2 of which were obtained from a single carrier with a 19-yearinterval, were analyzed. An evolutionary rate, the date of the most recent common ancestor, and the effective number of HBV/D infections were calculated. Fifty-two of 363 patients were infected with HBV/D, and 39 were born in 1970s. In a phylogenetic tree, the 20 HBV/D strains produced a definite cluster, and the evolutionary rate was calculated to be 5.4 Â 10 À5 nucleotide substitutions/site/year. The root of the tree was estimated to be in approximately 1,900 and began to spread from the 1940s, leading to a rapid increase of infected patients in the 1970s. From these results, it is suspected that HBV/D was likely transmitted to the area investigated approximately 100 years ago and then spread widely in the 1970s. From the history of the area and the genetic analysis, HBV/ D in this area was speculated to be of Russian origin.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the history of hepatitis B virus genotype D in western Japan

Michitaka

Tanaka

Horiike

et al. 2005

Journal of Medical Virology

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“…Among the infectious routes of horizontal HBV transmission, posttransfusion hepatitis has decreased dramatically by the screening of donated blood [2,3], and sexual transmission or transmission from partners has become the most common route in adults, in both western and eastern countries [4][5][6][7][8][9]. To diminish the occurrence of fulminant hepatitis B in adults, it is important to understand the risk factors of the infectious source that have a relationship with the severity of sexually transmitted hepatitis in patients; however, those factors are not well known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Source Factors Affecting the Severity of Sexually Transmitted Acute Hepatitis due to Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C

et al. 2005

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Objective: The aim of this study was to identify clinical features and virological aspects of infectious sources that are related to the severity of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in patients, especially in cases of genotype C. Methods: Nineteen patients with acute HBV infection, 10 classified with severe acute hepatitis (SH) (prothrombin time; PT <40%) and 9 with typical acute hepatitis (AH) (PT >40%), and their infectious sources (all were sexual partners) were studied. Infectious source factors were analyzed in relation to the severity of hepatitis in the patients’ partners. Results: The nucleotide homology of HBV-DNA between each pair was ≧98.9%. Sixteen were infected with HBV genotype C. Among the 16 infectious sources, age, numbers with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 7/9 vs. 1/7), anti-HBe positivity (8/9 vs. 1/7) and core promoter mutations at nt 1762 (7/9 vs. 1/7), nt 1764 (8/9 vs. 1/7) and precore mutation at nt 1896 (8/9 vs. 1/7) were significantly higher in the sources of SH than in those of AH. Conclusion: Higher age, elevated ALT, anti-HBe positivity and core promoter/precore mutations were possible risk factors for an infectious source of the severe form of sexually transmitted acute hepatitis due to HBV genotype C.

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“…In many countries, including Japan, it is known that the majority of adult patients with acute hepatitis B were infected sexually (12). The ratio of genotype A infection among acute hepatitis patients is rapidly increasing in Japan, followed by an increase in HBV genotype A carriers who were suspected to have been horizontally infected as adults (13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Adult Patient with Acute Infection with Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C that Progressed to Chronic Infection

et al. 2012

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In 2008, a 28-year-old woman consulted our hospital due to general fatigue. Her ALT level was within normal range but she was positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Her ALT level was nearly within normal range thereafter and she was consistently positive for HBeAg. Later, it was proven that she was negative for HBsAg in 1999. She had been a sex worker in [2007][2008]. Complete genome sequencing revealed that her HBV was genotype C. The present case may indicate that it is possible for acute infection with HBV genotype C to progress to chronic infection in adults.

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Change of acute hepatitis B transmission routes in Japan

Abstract: Transmission from sexual contact has become the main infectious route of HBV in Japan.

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Tracing the history of hepatitis B virus genotype D in western Japan

Tracing the history of hepatitis B virus genotype D in western Japan

Infectious Source Factors Affecting the Severity of Sexually Transmitted Acute Hepatitis due to Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C

An Adult Patient with Acute Infection with Hepatitis B Virus Genotype C that Progressed to Chronic Infection

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