Change of TGF-β1 Gene Expression and TGF-β1 Protein Level in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Identification of Plaque Bacteria in a Patient with Recurrent Localized Gingival Enlargement before and after Gingivectomy

Abstract

This case report highlights the change of TGF-β1 gene expressions and TGF-β1 protein level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and identification of plaque bacteria in a patient with recurrent localized gingival enlargement before and after gingivectomy treatment. A 26-year-old woman came to AG Dental Care Clinic, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, in October 2015 with a chief complaint that her gingiva often bled spontaneously and she felt pain on her gingiva and felt less comfortable and no self-confidence with her anterior and posterior gingival condition on the right maxilla region which is slightly larger than normal. She often felt that her gingiva could bleed spontaneously when she was talking or remains silent though. The patient is disturbed by the malodor she felt. At that moment, the patient sought for gingivectomy treatment. Three years afterward, the patient came back with the same complaint. Gingival crevicular fluid has been taken from the gingival sulcus before and after gingivectomy. Clinical and GCF follow-up examination was performed one week and three weeks after gingivectomy, and successful results on biological, functional, and aesthetic parameters were observed.

Evaluation of Salivary Cytokines and Vitamin D Levels in Periodontopathic Patients

“…In fact, TGFβ is a pleiotropic cytokine acting in cell proliferation, differentiation, chemotaxis, and apoptosis, exhibiting both pro-and anti-inflammatory properties [33,34]. Besides the ability of TGFβ to stimulate the migration and synthesis of ECM molecules and to inhibit ECM breakdown, it has been intensively evaluated in relation to all types of gingival enlargement as well as tooth development and reparative processes [33,35]. Therefore, high salivary TGFβ levels in patients with periodontitis may be a modulator of inflammatory response against persistent bacterial aggression or may minimize the destruction of supporting tooth tissue, thus modulating the progression of periodontitis [36] and driving anti-inflammatory cytokine production.…”

Periodontitis and Its Inflammatory Changes Linked to Various Systemic Diseases: A Review of Its Underlying Mechanisms

“…Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) is a target for identifying effective diagnostic markers of periodontitis because it is located in the periodontal pocket where inflammation occurs and reflects the changes in the periodontal microenvironment. TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 are expressed in different epithelial, hematopoietic, and connective tissue cells [ 90 ]. TGF-β is also present in gingival crevicular fluid [ 90 ].…”

“…TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 are expressed in different epithelial, hematopoietic, and connective tissue cells [ 90 ]. TGF-β is also present in gingival crevicular fluid [ 90 ]. Researchers have reported the importance of TGF-β1 gene expressions and TGF-β1 protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid [ 90 ].…”

“…TGF-β is also present in gingival crevicular fluid [ 90 ]. Researchers have reported the importance of TGF-β1 gene expressions and TGF-β1 protein levels in gingival crevicular fluid [ 90 ]. TGF-β1 was reported to exhibit pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties [ 90 ].…”

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“…Many patients seek dental offices for a beautiful, harmonic smile to boost their self-esteem [1,2]. At present, there is a great search for the buccal aesthetics, where the harmony of the smile is determined not only by the shape, position, and color of the teeth, but also by the…”