Changes in Active and Inactive Renin throughout Pregnancy*

Hsueh, Willa A.; Luetscher, John A.; Carlson, Elaine J.; Grislis, G.; Fraze, E.; McHargue, A. M.

doi:10.1210/jcem-54-5-1010

Cited by 117 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…Since cultured decidua not in contact with chorion (i.e., from ectopic pregnancies) produces renin in quantities similar to cultured decidua from normal intrauterine pregnancies, decidual production of renin is independent of contact with the chorion in culture. Intertwin and basal plate chorion, which do not touch decidua, grow very poorly in culture (Shaw, (1,28), and although contribution from the fetus may be important, amniotic fluid renin may be of decidual origin. Thus, transport across both chorion and amnion would be necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In normal human pregnancy circulating prorenin levels are profoundly elevated compared with levels in the nonpregnant state (1,2). Early in pregnancy the ovary appears to be responsible for the increase in plasma prorenin concentration (3,4), while the uterine-fetal-placental unit may contribute in part to the prorenin rise in the third trimester (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human decidua is a major source of renin.

Shaw¹,

S²,

Kjos³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

110

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Plasma prorenin levels are elevated in normal pregnant women. Current evidence suggests renin production by tissues of the uteroplacental unit contribute to this elevation. The purpose of this investigation was to define the source of renin biosynthesis within the human uteroplacental unit and to characterize the renin produced. RNA extraction and Northern blot analysis consistently demonstrated renin mRNA expression in uterine lining both in the pregnant (decidua) and nonpregnant states (endometrium) and in fetal chorion laeve, which is inseparable from the decidua. In contrast, renin mRNA expression was not detected in basal plate and intertwin chorion (which is separate from decidua), amnion, myometrium, or placental villae. The total renin content in decidual homogenates was twoto threefold greater than in endometrial homogenates, and cultured human decidual cells produced significantly more total renin than cultured human endometrial cells, suggesting that pregnancy enhanced renin production by the cells lining the uterus. Immunoblot analysis and I3H]leucine incorporation identified 47,000-mol wt prorenin as the major form of renin produced by cultured human decidual cells. These studies indicate that maternal decidua is the major source of prorenin in the uteroplacental unit.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human decidua is a major source of renin.

Shaw¹,

S²,

Kjos³

et al. 1989

J. Clin. Invest.

110

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“…either at the end of the first trimester, followed by a sustained high level [7,10], or during the third trimester [2]. However, reductions in the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and PRA occur temporally close to the clinical manifestation of preeclampsia in women with this condition [2,3,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Aldosterone Concentration and Plasma Renin Activity Decrease during the Third Trimester in Women with Twin Pregnancies

Koyama

Yamada

Furuta

et al. 2012

Hypertension in Pregnancy

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OBJECTIVE: Changes in the plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and the plasma renin activity (PRA) have not been extensively studied in women with twin pregnancies. METHODS:The PAC and PRA levels were determined during the second and third trimesters and on postpartum day 3 in 14 normotensive women with twin pregnancies and 80 normotensive and 7 preeclamptic women with singleton pregnancies. RESULTS:In women with twin pregnancies, elevated PAC and PRA levels (598 ± 248 pg/mL and 10.0 ± 4.7 ng/mL/hour, respectively) in the second trimester decreased significantly during the third trimester (to 396 ± 210 pg/mL and 3.5 ± 2.9 ng/mL/hour, respectively), while the corresponding PAC increased significantly from 421 ± 207 pg/mL to 667 ± 371 pg/mL and the PRA did not change significantly (from 7.3 ± 3.4 ng/mL/hour to 6.9 ± 4.2 ng/mL/hour) in women with normal singleton pregnancies.These changes in the PAC and PRA levels in women with twin pregnancies resembled those in hypertensive women with singleton pregnancies. CONCLUSIONS:In women with twin pregnancies, both the PAC and PRA levels were significantly enhanced during the second trimester, while those in the third trimester were significantly reduced compared with those in women with normal singleton pregnancies.

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“…Prorenin is present in amniotic fluid (9) in concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than in normal human plasma, and it is synthesized in the chorionic cells of the placenta (10). Maternal plasma prorenin increases during pregnancy (11)(12)(13)(14)(15); it is increased as much as 10-fold within the first 4 weeks following conception, and it decreases rather slowly postpartum (15). This increase in pregnancy parallels the early increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cyclical secretion of prorenin during the menstrual cycle: synchronization with luteinizing hormone and progesterone.

Sealey¹,

Atlas²,

Glorioso³

et al. 1985

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

103

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Plasma prorenin, a high molecular weight precursor form of renin, (renin, EC 3.4.23.15; old number, EC 3.4.99.19), was measured three times weekly in normal young women during the menstrual cycle and was related to changes in luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone. In all subjects a stable baseline level of prorenin occurred during the follicular phase. Then, simultaneously or soon after the luteinizing hormone peak, plasma prorenin consistently increased about 2-fold. Baseline prorenin ranged from 18 to 40 ng per ml per hr, and peak prorenin ranged from 35 to 65 ng per ml per hr. The maximum increase in prorenin averaged 80%. Prorenin remained elevated during the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and returned to baseline during the late-luteal phase in coordination with the decrease in progesterone. The changes in prorenin were not synchronized with changes in active renin which was significantly increased only during the mid-luteal phase. These rmdings suggest that prorenin may be involved in reproductive physiology.The renin-angiotensin system regulates blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance by the actions of angiotensin II (1). This octapeptide causes arteriolar vasoconstriction; it also causes stimulation of aldosterone biosynthesis (2) by increasing the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone in the adrenal zona glomerulosa cells (3).An inactive, high molecular weight form of renin (EC 3.4.23.15; old number EC 3.4.99.19), prorenin, found in human plasma (4) has been shown to be the biosynthetic precursor of active renin (5, 6). Unlike most hormone precursors which constitute a minor proportion of the circulating hormone pool, prorenin normally circulates in concentrations close to 10 times that of active form (4). Whereas circulating active renin appears to be exclusively of renal origin, plasma prorenin is derived from the kidney and from other tissues as well (7, 8) Circumstantial evidence suggests that prorenin may be linked to reproductive function, but no clear role has emerged. Prorenin is present in amniotic fluid (9) in concentrations two orders of magnitude higher than in normal human plasma, and it is synthesized in the chorionic cells of the placenta (10). Maternal plasma prorenin increases during pregnancy (11-15); it is increased as much as 10-fold within the first 4 weeks following conception, and it decreases rather slowly postpartum (15). This increase in pregnancy parallels the early increase in human chorionic gonadotropin (15).The early increase in prorenin following conception and the slow decrease postpartum suggested to us (15) that the increase in plasma prorenin during pregnancy might be maternal, not fetal, in origin and that prorenin might also increase during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in nonpregnant subjects. We, therefore, investigated changes in prorenin in young women during the menstrual cycle in relation to known changes (16) in luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, and estradiol.MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects. All of the...

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Changes in Active and Inactive Renin throughout Pregnancy*

Cited by 117 publications

References 0 publications

Human decidua is a major source of renin.

Human decidua is a major source of renin.

Plasma Aldosterone Concentration and Plasma Renin Activity Decrease during the Third Trimester in Women with Twin Pregnancies

Cyclical secretion of prorenin during the menstrual cycle: synchronization with luteinizing hormone and progesterone.

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