Changes in amino acid composition and nitrogen metabolizing enzymes in ripening fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Boggio, Silvana B.; Palatnik, Javier F.; Heldt, Hans W.; Valle, Estela M.

doi:10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00342-3

Cited by 110 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The total free amino acid content of tomato fruits increases approximately fivefold during ripening, which contributes markedly to the taste of the fruit. However, Glu seems particularly important for a tasty tomato, since all cultivated varieties have much higher contents than wild tomatoes (Boggio et al, 2000;Pauliukaite et al, 2006). Glu was also found to be responsible for the characteristic umami taste of tomatoes and other foods like cheese and mushrooms (Bellisle, 1999).…”

Section: Ful1/2 Regulate Glu Accumulation During Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tomato FRUITFULL Homologs TDR4/FUL1 and MBP7/FUL2 Regulate Ethylene-Independent Aspects of Fruit Ripening

Bemer

Karlova

Ballester³

et al. 2012

Plant Cell

297

276

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Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains two close homologs of the Arabidopsis thaliana MADS domain transcription factor FRUITFULL (FUL), FUL1 (previously called TDR4) and FUL2 (previously MBP7). Both proteins interact with the ripening regulator RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN) and are expressed during fruit ripening. To elucidate their function in tomato, we characterized single and double FUL1 and FUL2 knockdown lines. Whereas the single lines only showed very mild alterations in fruit pigmentation, the double silenced lines exhibited an orange-ripe fruit phenotype due to highly reduced lycopene levels, suggesting that FUL1 and FUL2 have a redundant function in fruit ripening. More detailed analyses of the phenotype, transcriptome, and metabolome of the fruits silenced for both FUL1 and FUL2 suggest that the genes are involved in cell wall modification, the production of cuticle components and volatiles, and glutamic acid (Glu) accumulation. Glu is responsible for the characteristic umami taste of the present-day cultivated tomato fruit. In contrast with previously identified ripening regulators, FUL1 and FUL2 do not regulate ethylene biosynthesis but influence ripening in an ethylene-independent manner. Our data combined with those of others suggest that FUL1/2 and TOMATO AGAMOUS-LIKE1 regulate different subsets of the known RIN targets, probably in a protein complex with the latter.

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Section: Ful1/2 Regulate Glu Accumulation During Ripeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Tomato FRUITFULL Homologs TDR4/FUL1 and MBP7/FUL2 Regulate Ethylene-Independent Aspects of Fruit Ripening

Bemer

Karlova

Ballester³

et al. 2012

Plant Cell

297

276

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“…Metabolite profiling with proton NMR spectroscopy ( 1 H-NMR) was used on the whole fruit or pericarp tissue to detect unintended effects following a genetic modification (Le Gall et al, 2003;Mattoo et al, 2006). Targeted analyses of carbohydrates (Obiadalla-Ali et al, 2004), amino acids (Boggio et al, 2000), carotenoids and isoprenoids (Fraser et al, 1994;Burns et al, 2003) or lipids (Whitaker, 1988;Yilmaz et al, 2001) have been achieved mainly during the ripening phase. Recent analyses of tomato seed composition have been focused on mature fruit seeds, consistent with the potential economic importance of tomato industry byproducts (Persia et al, 2003;Knoblich et al, 2005) and with fruit quality for human nutrition (Toor and Savage, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative metabolic profiles of tomato flesh and seeds during fruit development: complementary analysis with ANN and PCA

et al. 2007

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Tomato, an essential crop in terms of economic importance and nutritional quality, is also used as a model species for all fleshy fruits and for genomics of Solanaceae. Tomato fruit quality at harvest is a direct function of its metabolite content, which in turn is a result of many physiological changes during fruit development. The aim of the work reported here was to develop a global approach to characterize changes in metabolic profiles in two interdependent tissues from the same tomato fruits. Absolute quantification data of compounds in flesh and seeds from 8 days to 45 days post anthesis (DPA) were obtained through untargeted (proton nuclear magnetic resonance, 1 H-NMR) and targeted metabolic profiling (liquid chromatography with diode array detection (LC-DAD) or gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID)). These data were analyzed with chemometric approaches. Kohonen self organizing maps (SOM) analysis of these data allowed us to combine multivariate (distribution of samples on Kohonen SOMs) and univariate information (component plane representation of metabolites) in a single analysis. This strategy confirmed published data and brought new insights on tomato flesh and seed composition, thus demonstrating its potential in metabolomics. The compositional changes were related to physiological processes occurring in each tissue. They pointed to (i) some parallel changes at early stages in relation to cell division and transitory storage of carbon, (ii) metabolites participating in the fleshy trait and (iii) metabolites involved in the specific developmental patterns of the seeds.

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“…In tomato fruit, the first enzyme of pteridine synthesis, GTP cyclohydrolase I (GCHI), disappears at the onset of ripening (13), cutting off the pteridine supply. As ripening tomatoes contain large pools of glutamate (20) and moderate pools of PABA (14,21), a rational gambit to enhance folate synthesis is thus to engineer sustained GCHI activity (13). An attractive way to achieve sustained GCHI activity is to use a synthetic gene based on mammalian GCHI because this enzyme is unlikely to be subject to retroinhibition in planta.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Folate biofortification in tomatoes by engineering the pteridine branch of folate synthesis

Garza

Quinlivan

Klaus

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

131

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Plants are the main source of folate in human diets, but many fruits, tubers, and seeds are poor in this vitamin, and folate deficiency is a worldwide problem. Plants synthesize folate from pteridine, p-aminobenzoate (PABA), and glutamate moieties. Pteridine synthesis capacity is known to drop in ripening tomato fruit; therefore, we countered this decline by fruit-specific overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase I, the first enzyme of pteridine synthesis. We used a synthetic gene based on mammalian GTP cyclohydrolase I, because this enzyme is predicted to escape feedback control in planta. This engineering maneuver raised fruit pteridine content by 3-to 140-fold and fruit folate content by an average of 2-fold among 12 independent transformants, relative to vector-alone controls. Most of the folate increase was contributed by 5-methyltetrahydrofolate polyglutamates and 5,10-methenyltetrahydrofolate polyglutamates, which were also major forms of folate in control fruit. The accumulated pteridines included neopterin, monapterin, and hydroxymethylpterin; their reduced forms, which are folate biosynthesis intermediates; and pteridine glycosides not previously found in plants. Engineered fruit with intermediate levels of pteridine overproduction attained the highest folate levels. PABA pools were severely depleted in engineered fruit that were high in folate, and supplying such fruit with PABA by means of the fruit stalk increased their folate content by up to 10-fold. These results demonstrate that engineering a moderate increase in pteridine production can significantly enhance the folate content in food plants and that boosting the PABA supply can produce further gains.

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Changes in amino acid composition and nitrogen metabolizing enzymes in ripening fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill

Cited by 110 publications

References 32 publications

The Tomato FRUITFULL Homologs TDR4/FUL1 and MBP7/FUL2 Regulate Ethylene-Independent Aspects of Fruit Ripening

The Tomato FRUITFULL Homologs TDR4/FUL1 and MBP7/FUL2 Regulate Ethylene-Independent Aspects of Fruit Ripening

Quantitative metabolic profiles of tomato flesh and seeds during fruit development: complementary analysis with ANN and PCA

Folate biofortification in tomatoes by engineering the pteridine branch of folate synthesis

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