Changes in amino acid profiles and liver alterations in pregnant rats with a high carbohydrate/low protein diet

Navarro-Meza, Mónica; Cardador-Martínez, Ana B.; Vázquez‐Martínez, Olivia; Cruz-Ramos, José Alfonso; Santoyo-Telles, Felipe; Bejarano-Carrillo, Jesús A.; Manzano-Hernández, Arianna J.; Dı́az-Muñoz, Mauricio

doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2018.11.004

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Our longitudinal study showed that food intake in rats was similar during pregnancy in both groups of rats: the one exposed to the LPHC diet and that exposed to the control diet. This result is consistent with other reports that have showed that food intake during pregnancy tends to compensate for deficient nutrient availability to achieve fetal development [ 15 ]. Other reports have indicated that diet composition is a contributing factor in the process of feeding [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Low Protein-High Carbohydrate Diet during Early and Late Pregnancy on Respiratory Quotient and Visceral Adiposity

Navarro-Meza

Dı́az-Muñoz

García-Solano

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Background. Low Protein-High Carbohydrate (LPHC) diet during pregnancy is considered a nutritional and health problem related to the development of maternal metabolic alterations, such as fatty liver and obesity in the perinatal and postnatal period. It is known that increase in visceral adiposity tissue (VAT) modulates maternal metabolic rate, with the respiratory quotient (RQ) being a parameter related to that variable; however, it is unknown whether LPHC intake during pregnancy affects the VAT and the RQ. In this study, we examine if consumption of LPHC during pregnancy modifies the VAT and RQ in early and late periods of pregnancy. Methods. This is a longitudinal and cross-sectional study with Wistar rats during gestation (G) (3, 8, 15, and 20) and nonpregnant rats. Rats were fed with a control diet with 63/18% carbohydrate/protein and an experimental diet with 79/6% carbohydrate/protein. We studied water and food consumption and metabolic parameters such as RQ and energy expenditure (EE), calculated by indirect calorimetry. In the cross-sectional study, we determined visceral fat, as well as the concentration of free fatty acids, insulin, glucose, and lipid profile in serum. Results. Nonpregnant rats with LPHC intake decreased significantly in VAT (86%) and the RQ (18%); in pregnant rats in early (8G) and late pregnancy (15G) in LPHC diet, both parameters (VAT and RQ) (25%-92%) increased during light time. When comparing time points during pregnancy in the control and LPHC groups, the RQ increased in 15G during daytime compared to 8G during the night period (17 and 5%, respectively). In late pregnancy, LPHC intake and triacylglyceride levels increased and cholesterol and glucose decreased (45 and 26%, respectively), in comparison to nonpregnant rats. Conclusions. LPHC intake in nonpregnant rats decreases the RQ and VAT. Interestingly, the opposite occurs in early pregnancy: the RQ and VAT increased, and this correlates with free fatty acid (FFA) levels. The increase in RQ and VAT during light time in early pregnancy increased mobilization of carbohydrate and protein metabolism. These results suggest that LPHC intake during pregnancy increases the glucose metabolism as a compensatory mechanism for energy needs in the fetus and the mother in early pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Effects of Low Protein-High Carbohydrate Diet during Early and Late Pregnancy on Respiratory Quotient and Visceral Adiposity

Navarro-Meza

Dı́az-Muñoz

García-Solano

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…A protein diet affects energy metabolism through the transformation of amino acid carbon chains (29). Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in blood.…”

Section: Effects Of the Four Meat Protein Diets On Energy Metabolism In Rat Livermentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Protein From Different Sources Exerted a Great Impact on Lipid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Rat Liver

2021

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Associations between meat diets and human health have been widely considered. In this study, we focused on long-term effects of different sources of meat protein on liver metabolic enzymes. For 90 days, rats were fed with semisynthetic diets that differed only with protein source. Casein was used as a reference and isolated soybean, fish, chicken, pork, and beef proteins were compared. Changes in liver proteome were determined by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labeling and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). Fish and pork protein diets upregulated the gene expression involved in cholesterol synthesis and esterification, and pork protein diet also upregulated the gene expression of high-density lipoprotein receptor and low-density lipoprotein receptor. Chicken, pork, and beef protein diets upregulated the gene expression involved in cholesterol reverse transport and bile acid production, which increased the total cholesterol level in the fish protein diet group. Total cholesterol levels in liver were lower in the pork and beef protein diet groups. Triglyceride levels in liver were lower in chicken, pork, and beef protein diet groups. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 was upregulated by chicken, pork and beef protein diets, and promoted the degradation and metabolism of triglyceride, resulting in lower triglyceride in the three diet groups. Meat proteins at a recommended level could be more conducive to cholesterol degradation, triglyceride decomposition, and energy balance maintenance at a healthy level. The findings give a new insight into the associations between meat diet intake and human health.

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“…Previous studies showed that LPHCD intake during pregnancy promotes the development of fatty vesicles in liver of primiparous mothers [ 11 ]. Our study showed the control diet used in maternal liver during pregnancy presented an important increase of ballooned hepatocytes, edema, micro and macro lipid vesicles mainly in late pregnancy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nonetheless, the relationship between steatosis development and hepatocyte ballooning formation during early and late pregnancy and LPHCD remains unclear. Previous studies by our research group indicated that LPHCD, consumed by primiparous mothers during pregnancy, promotes the development of fatty vesicles in the liver, suggesting that this condition could be due to metabolic adaptations and nitrogen management reflected in reduced serum urea levels and impaired amino acid profiles in the liver [ 11 ]. However, it’s not clear the maternal liver response to LPHCD during pregnancy, and if these events could result in liver damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatocyte ballooning and steatosis in early and late gestation without liver malfunction: Effects of low protein/high carbohydrate diet

Navarro-Meza,

Díaz-Muñoz,

Cruz-Ramos

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Pregnancy is a challenging metabolic and physiological condition. The aim of this study was to include a second demanding situation as a low protein/high carbohydrate diet (LPHCD) to characterize the histological and functional responses of the maternal liver. It is unknown how the maternal liver responds during early and late pregnancy to LPHCD intake. We explored early pregnancy (3 and 8 gestational age, G) and late pregnancy (15 and 20 G). The results indicated that pregnant rats under control diet showed an evident presence of ballooned hepatocytes, lipid vesicles and edema at late pregnancy (15G); in contrast, pregnant rats under LPHCD showed similar pattern of histological modification but at early pregnancy (3G). Unexpectedly, the serum biomarkers didn’t display functional alterations in either group, despite of the evident histological changes no liver malfunction was detected. We conclude that pregnant rats fed with control diet and experimental LPHCD, are subjected to metabolic and physiological conditions that impact the histopathological condition of the maternal liver. Control diet promoted the histological modifications during late pregnancy whereas LPCHCD advanced the onset of these changes. Further experiments are needed to explore the biochemical mechanisms that underlie these histological modifications. Our results are also an example of the resilience associated with the pregnancy: since no functional hepatic alterations accompanied the histopathological changes, another conclusion is that no evident pathological condition was detected in this nutritional protocol.

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Changes in amino acid profiles and liver alterations in pregnant rats with a high carbohydrate/low protein diet

Cited by 5 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Low Protein-High Carbohydrate Diet during Early and Late Pregnancy on Respiratory Quotient and Visceral Adiposity

Effects of Low Protein-High Carbohydrate Diet during Early and Late Pregnancy on Respiratory Quotient and Visceral Adiposity

Dietary Protein From Different Sources Exerted a Great Impact on Lipid Metabolism and Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation in Rat Liver

Hepatocyte ballooning and steatosis in early and late gestation without liver malfunction: Effects of low protein/high carbohydrate diet

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