Changes in antioxidant activity, total phenolic and abscisic acid constituents in the aquatic plants Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Myriophyllum triphyllum Orchard exposed to cadmium

Abstract

Changes in antioxidant activity, total phenolic and abscisic acid (ABA) constituents of Myriophyllum spicatum L. and Myriophyllum triphyllum Orchard, cadmium (Cd) aqueous macrophytes, were investigated exposed to 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16 mg l(-1) Cd concentrations. M. triphyllum exhibited strong antioxidant activity but not M. spicatum before and after exposure. Free radical scavenging activity of M. triphyllum was significantly affected from the Cd concentrations and a significant increase was observed at 6 mgl(-1) Cd concentration. Total phenolic constituent and ABA concentration of M. triphyllum is higher than that of M. spicatum with or without heavy metal exposure (P < 0.05). While total phenolic constituents of both species were not significantly affected from Cd concentrations except for 6 mgl(-1) Cd concentration ABA contents did. ABA content of M. triphyllum increased from 1.81 +/- 0.10 microg g(-1 )(control) to 5.13 +/- 0.15 microg g(-1) at 16 mg l(-1) Cd concentration and increase was from 0.59 +/- 0.08 microg g(-1) (control) to 2.05 +/- 0.10 microg g(-1) for M. spicatum at the same Cd concentration. Both species accumulated ABA indicating submerge plants can also accumulate ABA and its concentration increase with increasing Cd concentration. Such studies as this one may be important for evaluation of the metabolic variations of toxic metal tolerant macrophytes that grown in polluted aqueous ecosystem.

Diadenosine polyphosphates (Ap3A and Ap4A) behave as alarmones triggering the synthesis of enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana

“…(iii) can a plant cell receptor be identified with specificity for these dinucleotides; (iv) do the exogenously applied diadenosine polyphosphates affect accumulation of particular phenylpropanoic compound(s) in the plant tissues; and (v) how do other genes and enzymes of the phenylpropanoid pathways respond to those uncommon (di)nucleotides? Based on existing knowledge of the reactions caused in cells by cadmium [12,13,[21][22][23] and on the observations communicated in this paper, we postulate that in plant cells Cd (II) causes accumulation of Ap 3 A and/or Ap 4 A and, by analogy with the activation of the MITF transcription factor in mast cells by Ap 4 A [44], these compounds interact with transcription factors that control mainly the PAL2 gene and to a lesser extent the 4CL genes. Since the metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathways protect plants against the harmful effects of different types of stress, Ap 3 A and Ap 4 A behave in our biological system as true alarmones, initiating the rescue action.…”

“…Based on existing knowledge of the reactions caused in cells by cadmium [12,13,21–23] and on the observations communicated in this paper, we postulate that in plant cells Cd (II) causes accumulation of Ap 3 A and/or Ap 4 A and, by analogy with the activation of the MITF transcription factor in mast cells by Ap 4 A [44], these compounds interact with transcription factors that control mainly the PAL2 gene and to a lesser extent the 4CL genes. Since the metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathways protect plants against the harmful effects of different types of stress, Ap 3 A and Ap 4 A behave in our biological system as true alarmones, initiating the rescue action.…”

Oxidative status of Matricaria chamomilla plants related to cadmium and copper uptake

“…Thus the GPX-phenolics antioxidative system (Sgherri et al 2003) seems to be probable in chamomile plants. On the other hand, accumulation of phenolics was not affected by Cd exposure in some aquatic plants (Sivaci et al 2007). Additionally, some peroxidase isoforms are implicated in lignification (Chaoui et al 2004), therefore higher accumulation of soluble phenolics (Kováčik and Bačkor 2007a) in combination with enhanced peroxidase activity could contribute to enhanced lignification especially in Cu-treated chamomile roots (Kováčik and Klejdus 2008).…”

Does nitrate co-pollution affect biological responses of an aquatic plant to two common herbicides?

“…Anthocyanins, as well as other phenolic compounds, have so far received only attention in ecotoxicology related to trace metal element contamination because 20 of their capacity to complex metals (Sivaci et al, 2008(Sivaci et al, , 2007 and/or their antioxidant properties (Landi et al, 2015;Michalak, 2006). Since herbicides can also induce oxidative stress, we wondered if M. spicatum, with its high levels of phenolic compounds (Gross et al, 1996), would show herbicide-induced changes in TPC.…”