Changes in Area, Yield Gains, and Yield Stability of Sorghum in Major Sorghum‐Producing Countries, 1970 to 2009

Rakshit, Sujay; Krishna, Hare; Gomashe, S. S.; Ganapathy, K. N.; Das, I. K.; Ramana, O. V.; Dhandapani, A.; Patil, J. V.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2012.12.0697

Cited by 61 publications

(47 citation statements)

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“…In the arid and semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia, sorghum is primarily grown as a food grain crop while in the developed world the majority of the grain produced is used for animal feed (Rakshit et al, 2014). Sorghum is an indigenous crop to Ethiopia where it is grown in a wider area of adaptation ranging from hot, dry lowland to the cold highland environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sorghum production area globally has shown a mixed trend, and while the overall sorghum production area has declined mainly in USA, China and India, there is a steady increase in production area in most African countries and Australia (Rakshit et al, 2014). An analysis of sorghum productivity over the past four decades, however, has shown a yield improvement of between 1 to 4% per year in many countries including USA, Australia, and China (Rakshit et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An analysis of sorghum productivity over the past four decades, however, has shown a yield improvement of between 1 to 4% per year in many countries including USA, Australia, and China (Rakshit et al, 2014). The increased productivity of sorghum has maintained the total production and it has remained the fifth most important cereal crop in total grain production in the world (Kumar et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of hybrid cultivars as well as improved management practices has been instrumental in the yield increases that have been achieved in many developed and a few developing countries (Kumar et al, 2011;Smith and Frederiksen, 2000). To-date the total sorghum production area in USA and Australia is planted to hybrids and in China and India more than 85% of sorghum growing areas is planted with improved varieties including hybrids (Reddy et al, 2006;Rakshit, 2014). The adoption of hybrids has contributed to increased sorghum productivity in many countries, for instance in China productivity has increased by 3.9 % and in India by 2 % per annum (Rakshit et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To-date the total sorghum production area in USA and Australia is planted to hybrids and in China and India more than 85% of sorghum growing areas is planted with improved varieties including hybrids (Reddy et al, 2006;Rakshit, 2014). The adoption of hybrids has contributed to increased sorghum productivity in many countries, for instance in China productivity has increased by 3.9 % and in India by 2 % per annum (Rakshit et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

Mindaye¹

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The increase superiority in characteristics such as size, growth rate, fertility, yield and general fitness of hybrids produced by crossing genetically diverse inbred parents is well established in many plant and animal species. This phenomenon has been exploited to produce commercial cultivars in a range of crop species including sorghum.In sorghum F1 hybrid seed is produced by crossing genetically distinct restorer (R lines) and cytoplasmic male sterile seed parent (A lines). In the developed world commercial cultivars are almost exclusively F1 hybrids and are increasingly being used in the developing countries. In spite of the yield advantage in some circumstances, however, hybrids developed using introduced parental lines have not been adopted by Ethiopian farmers primarily because of the extra cost of purchasing seed has not been outweighed by the benefits of introduced hybrids in particular the lack of farmer preferred traits such as tall stature and larger grain size. The development of hybrids using locally adapted genotypes could have the potential to overcome the shortcomings of introduced hybrids. However, the complex cytoplasmic male sterility system and prevalence of restorer genes complicate the development of new Additionally, the hybrids derived from these locally adapted genotypes will have the benefit of containing farmers preferred traits. The groups most divergent from the introduced A/B lines were the Ethiopian landraces adapted to highland and intermediate agro-ecologies and a subset of lowland adapted genotypes. These genotype groups were also grouped distinctly from the introduced R lines, and hence provide highly divergent parental lines for hybrid development in Ethiopia.The performance and magnitude of heterosis of 139 F1 hybrids, derived from introduced seed parents crossed with selected locally adapted genotypes and introduced R lines, were evaluated in three contrasting environments. The lowland adapted hybrids displayed a mean better parent heterosis (BPH)iii of 19% and a 29% increase in grain yield, on average, in comparison to the hybrids derived from the introduced R lines. In addition, these hybrids were also found to be superior in plant height and grain weight. The mean BPH for grain yield for the highland adapted hybrids was 16% in the highland and 52 % in the intermediate, in addition to increased grain weight. The magnitude of heterosis between the three hybrid groups reflected the genetic distance between the genotype groups with the A/B lines.These results highlight the potential of locally adapted genotypes for the exploitation of heterosis in Ethiopia.In order to understand the genetic basis of increased hybrid performance, the relationship between yield component traits was assessed and the genetic variance for each subset of hybrid group was partitioned into parental lines and their interaction effects. In the lowland environment, increase in grain number and grain weight contributed to increased yield of the lowland adapted hybrids in comparison to the intro...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

Mindaye¹

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Identification of mega‐environments for grain sorghum in Brazil using GGE biplot methodology

et al. 2021

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The performance of genotypes in a wide range of environments can be affected by extensive genotype × environment (G × E) interactions, making the subdivision of the testing environments into relatively more homogeneous groups of locations (mega‐environments) a necessary strategy. The genotype main effects + genotype × environment interaction biplot method (GGE) allows identification of mega‐environments and selection of stable genotypes adapted to specific environments and mega‐environments. The objectives of this study were to identify mega‐environments regarding sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] grain yield and demonstrate that the GGE biplot method can identify essential locations for conducting tests in different mega‐environments. A total of 22 competition trials of grain sorghum genotypes were conducted over three crop seasons across several production locations in Brazil. A total of 25, 22, and 30 genotypes were evaluated during the first, second, and third crop seasons, respectively. After identifying the presence of G × E interactions, the data were subjected to adaptability and stability analyses using the GGE biplot method. A phenotypic correlation network was used to express functional relationships between environments. The GGE biplot was found to be an efficient approach for identifying three mega‐environments in grain sorghum in Brazil, selecting representative and discriminative environments, and recommending more adaptive and stable grain sorghum genotypes.

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Yield gap analysis for rainfed grain sorghum in Kansas

Sexton‐Bowser,

Patrignani

2024

Agronomy Journal

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In the United States, grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production is concentrated in the US Great Plains region, with the state of Kansas accounting for ∼50% of the planted area. In Kansas, state‐level grain yields steadily increased at a rate of 0.07 Mg ha−1 year−1 from 1957 to 1990. However, since 1990, sorghum yield trends across the United States and Kansas have been exhibiting signs of yield stagnation. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the magnitude of the yield gap and (2) identify possible reasons for yield stagnation of rainfed sorghum in Kansas. Current yield (Yc) was estimated as the average yield of the most recently reported 10 years. Maximum attainable yield (Ya) and water‐limited potential yield (Yw) were estimated with a frontier yield function using an extensive dataset of crop performance trials, yield contest data, and county‐level survey yield data totaling 2997 site‐years. State‐level Yc was 4.7 Mg ha−1, which represents 77% of Ya and 49% of Yw. At a regional level, there is a trend of increasing yield gap in central and western Kansas sorghum‐producing regions. Sorghum yield in Kansas appears to be stagnant due to a small exploitable yield gap relative to Ya rather than Yw, a statewide shift in planting area to environments more vulnerable to water deficits, and cultivation in soils with moderate to severe limitations.

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Changes in Area, Yield Gains, and Yield Stability of Sorghum in Major Sorghum‐Producing Countries, 1970 to 2009

Cited by 61 publications

References 34 publications

Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

Genetic differentiation, heterotic performance and grain yield determinate traits of locally adapted sorghum genotypes in contrasting environments in Ethiopia

Identification of mega‐environments for grain sorghum in Brazil using GGE biplot methodology

Yield gap analysis for rainfed grain sorghum in Kansas

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