Changes in brain monoamine levels in neonatal rats exposed to bisphenol A at low doses

BPA Effects In Vivo: Evidence from Animal Studies

“…Given that the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system has been implicated in the attention defi cit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a developmental disease characterised by inattention, motor hyperactivity and impulsivity [ 69 ], the above results imply a potential contribution of BPA in the appearance of ADHD-like symptomatology. In a recent study using a single intracranial BPA injection (10 μg/pup in 2-day-old male rats), signifi cant alterations were detected 28 days later in norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine and their metabolites, in the hippocampus, striatum and brain stem [ 70 ]. It is noteworthy that although free BPA disappeared from the brain of injected animals 5 h postinjection, BPA effects were well apparent over a period of approximately 1 month.…”

“…Longer exposures to estradiol or BPA at doses as low as 10 μg/kg/day induced an increase of insulin in pancreatic beta [ 56 , 57 ] Reversal of sexual dimorphism in the volume of locus coeruleus [ 59 ] Reduced dopamine neurons in the midbrain and in hypothalamic AVPV (loss of sexual dimorphism). Reduced expression of dopamine receptor D4 and transporter in midbrain [ 61 , 64 ] Enhanced brain steroidogenesis [ 65 ] Altered synaptogenesis in hippocampal pyramidal neurons [ 66 ] Defi cits in the development of synaptic plasticity in the striatum [ 67 ] Altered gene expression of c-fos, dopamine transporter (Dat1) and Hsp70 [ 68 ] Altered monoamine levels in the brain stem, striatum and hippocampus [ 70 ] Altered nitric oxide synthase expression [ 71 ] Altered ERα and ERβ levels in preoptic area and hypothalamus [ 48 , 72 , 73 ] Altered expression of retinoic acid receptors (RARa, RXRa) in cerebra and cerebellum, depending on the sex of the embryo [ 74 ] Transiently increased expression of SRC-1 in the male pup hippocampus [ 76 ] Altered basal and stress-induced corticosterone levels. Altered hippocampal GR levels in females [ 83 ] Impaired performance in spatial memory tasks [ 76 , 83 ] Reduction of motor activity and explorative behaviour in females.…”

Prenatal exposure to zinc oxide particles alters monoaminergic neurotransmitter levels in the brain of mouse offspring

“…Previous studies indicated an association between chemical exposure in the environment and monoaminergic neurotransmitter regulation (Matsuda et al, 2010;Xia et al, 2011;Sirivelu et al, 2006). The monoaminergic system plays an important role in mental health, and its dysregulation leads to psychiatric dysfunction, such as behavioral depression, anxiety disorder, and Parkinsonism (Weiss et al, 1981;Elsworth and Roth, 1997;Morilak and Frazer, 2004).…”

Alterations of neurotransmitter norepinephrine and gamma-aminobutyric acid correlate with murine behavioral perturbations related to bisphenol A exposure

“…In order to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the behavioral phenotypes resulting from the exposure to low doses of BPA, researchers have so far measured neurotransmitter levels in several brain regions, but almost all of them focused on monoamines, especially dopamine and serotonin [13,[23][24][25].…”