Changes in circulating adiponectin and tumour necrosis factor-α and their relationship with insulin resistance in periparturient dairy cows

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in the serum levels of adiponectin and TNF-α, as well as insulin sensitivity, and to elucidate the possible relationship among the parameters and negative energy balance during the periparturient period of dairy cows. Material and Methods: Thirty primiparous Holstein dairy cows were selected for the study. Blood samples were collected from each cow seven days before the expected calving date, on the calving day, and 7, 14, and 21 days after calving. Blood non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), glucose, insulin, adiponectin, and TNF-α levels were measured. Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (rQUICKI) was calculated using data on NEFA, insulin, and glucose concentrations. Results: When compared to prepartum levels, serum concentration of adiponectin significantly increased on day 21 postpartum. The rQUICKI increased and NEFA levels decreased on day 7 after parturition. Insulin and glucose levels decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum when compared with prepartum levels. BHBA levels decreased on day 21 and TNF-α concentration also decreased on days 7, 14, and 21 postpartum. Adiponectin levels positively correlated with NEFA during the preparturient period. Negative correlation was detected between adiponectin and rQUICKI on calving day and on 14 th day after parturition. TNF-α concentration positively correlated with glucose levels on day 7 prepartum and on 21 st day postpartum and with rQUICKI on 21 st day postpartum. Negative correlation was detected between adiponectin level and insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, we concluded that adiponectin could possibly increase insulin sensitivity when blood NEFA concentrations are elevated.

Comparison of adiponectin levels and some metabolic parameters in dairy cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis

“…BHBA and NEFA levels were negatively correlated with blood glucose, which is an expected finding, as the lipomobilisation is triggered by low blood glucose levels (15). Glucose levels were higher in healthy cows when compared to ketotic ones and positively correlated with adiponectin levels in pooled data; however, a similar correlation was not detected within groups.…”

“…Adiponectin reachs its nadir in the first week after parturition in cattle and steadily increases to its peak for six to eight weeks after parturition (15,17). As adiponectin plays important metabolic roles like increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing lipomobilization, low levels of adiponectin could result in disrupted energy metabolism in the early postpartum period of dairy cows (15).…”

“…Adiponectin reachs its nadir in the first week after parturition in cattle and steadily increases to its peak for six to eight weeks after parturition (15,17). As adiponectin plays important metabolic roles like increasing insulin sensitivity and decreasing lipomobilization, low levels of adiponectin could result in disrupted energy metabolism in the early postpartum period of dairy cows (15). The cows used in our study were within the first week of lactation, the time period in which adiponectin levels are expected to be lowest, thus lower adiponectin levels in cows suffering clinical or subclinical ketosis when compared to healthy ones in the presented study could be attributed to halted energy metabolism and the role of adiponectin in pathogenesis of ketosis.…”

“…Adiponectin is a hormone secreted from adipose tissue which regulates energy metabolism by increasing insulin sensitivity of tissues and stimulating glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (29,30). Circulating levels of adiponectin are low around parturition, which is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in that period (15,23).…”

The effect of beta-hydroxybutyrate level on other metabolic test parameters

“…Yapılan çalışmada Grup-1'in glikoz (p<0,001) düzeyinin anlamlı düzeyde düşük ve BHBA düzeyi ile kan glikoz düzeyleri arasında negatif korelasyon olduğu belirlendi. Ketozisli ineklerde yapılan çalışmalarda BHBA düzeyinin yüksek ve glikoz düzeyinin ise düşük olduğu bildirilmiştir (1,8,23,38). Postpartum laktasyon periyodu sırasında glikoz alımı ve meme bezinde glikoz kullanımı arasındaki dengesizlik sonucu hipoglisemi meydana gelebilmektedir.…”