Drill cuttings are generated during the exploration and extraction of oil and natural gas. Due to the use of oil-based muds (OBMs) during drilling process, large amounts of oil-based drill cuttings (OBDCs) are produced. Such hazardous waste contains a relatively high content of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs). The effective removal of PHCs from OBDCs has attracted ix Acknowledgement This thesis reflects the final part of achievements that I have made in my M.Sc. study at the University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC). First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my co-supervisors, Prof. Jianbing Li and Prof. Min Zhao, for their patience, understanding, insightful instructions, and support throughout my study and research. Without their guidance and support, it would be impossible for me to complete this research. What I have learned from them will benefit my future career and life. Moreover, I would like to thank Prof. Ronald W. Thring for serving as my supervisory committee member. I greatly appreciate his insightful comments, guidance and discussions. I would like to express my appreciation to Erwin Rehl and Charles Bradshaw working in Northern Analytical Laboratory Service (NALS) at UNBC for their patience and help on developing and refining my analytical methods as well as on analyzing my experimental samples. I also thank Conan Ma working at UNBC Chemstore for his support with sample delivery and lab materials supply. Special thanks go to Prof. Joselito M. Arocena, a great soil scientist, who was my previous committee member. I am grateful to his kind guidance and help to my graduate study and life. My gratitude also extends to the people in my lab group for their helps, valuable discussions and every joyful moment; they are Guangji Hu and Yuan Tian. Their kind sharing knowledge, skills and thoughts helped me a lot for the completion of this thesis. Finally, I would like to dedicate this work to my family, my parents, grandma and my older sister, for their unconditional supports and understanding. Without their supports and encouragement, I would not have come to UNBC and complete my Master's degree.