Changes in Family Function and Relationships in Children Who Respond to Methylphenidate

Schachar, Russell; Taylor, Eric; Wieselberg, Michael; Thorley, Geoff; Rutter, Michael

doi:10.1097/00004583-198709000-00019

Cited by 123 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These patterns of results are consistent with the notion that high MEE is predominantly a "child effect" and are congruent with previous research 8 including treatment trials research. [10][11][12] Also consistent with this view, Lifford and colleagues 36 found that boys' ADHD symptoms impacted on mother-son hostility both concurrently and longitudinally, but there were no effects in the other direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Treatment trials suggest that parental negativity is at least in part a response to the behavior of the ADHD child: medication-induced reductions in symptoms are associated with reductions in parental negativity during interaction. [10][11][12] However, these studies do not measure the extent to which such shortterm changes would be related to more general reductions in patterns of hostility and criticism indexed by EE or the extent to which family dynamics or parental characteristics influenced either initial levels of hostility or the treatment effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disentangling Child and Family Influences on Maternal Expressed Emotion Toward Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cartwright¹,

Bitsakou²,

Daley³

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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Objective: We used multi-level modelling of sib-pair data to disentangle the influence of child-specific and shared family influences on maternal expressed emotion (MEE) towards children and adolescents with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: MEE was measured for 60 ADHD proband-unaffected sibling pairs aged 6-17 years using the Five Minute Speech Sample. Questionnaire measures of conduct and emotional problems were collected for children and measures of depression and ADHD were collected for mothers. Multilevel models partitioned the effects of 5 MEE components (Initial Statement -IS, Relationship -REL, Warmth -WAR, Critical Comments -CC and Positive Comments -PC) into (i) child-specific and (ii) shared family effects. Results: Significant child-specific influences were confirmed for all MEE components, with higher levels of MEE expressed toward probands than siblings. For REL, PC, and CC, this effect was explained by comorbid conduct problems rather than ADHD. Only low WAR was associated with ADHD itself. Furthermore, only low WAR showed shared familial influences which were in part accounted for by maternal depression.Conclusions: MEE towards ADHD children was influenced by child-specific factors. For most components these were driven by comorbid symptoms of conduct problems rather than ADHD itself. WAR was different -it was influenced by both child-specific and shared familial effects and the child effects showed no relation to conduct problems. Further studies utilising a longitudinal design are required to establish the direction of causation and extend our understanding of the relationship between EE components and ADHD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disentangling Child and Family Influences on Maternal Expressed Emotion Toward Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cartwright¹,

Bitsakou²,

Daley³

et al. 2011

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is the most frequent neurobehavioral disorder in primary school-age children, where referral to specialist attention is most likely, affecting an estimated 8-12% of these children [1,2]. Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder may experience associated problems including school difficulties, academic underachievement, low self-esteem, and impaired social interaction with parents, siblings, peers, and teachers [3,4]. The latter may be so prominent that some authors have considered impaired interpersonal relationships as central to the psychopathologic behavior of children with attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired emotional facial expression recognition in alcoholics, opiate dependence subjects, methadone maintained subjects and mixed alcohol-opiate antecedents subjects compared with normal controls

Kornreich

Foisy

Philippot³

et al. 2003

Psychiatry Research

132

102

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In ADHD, impaired interpersonal relationships have been documented. They have been hypothesized to be secondary to impairment of receptive nonverbal language. Recognition of emotional facial expressions is an important aspect of receptive nonverbal language, and it has been demonstrated to be central to organization of emotional and social behavior. This study investigated the identification of facial expression of four emotions (joy, anger, disgust, and sadness) in a group of 30 children aged 7-12 years who met the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD disorder of the predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type and have no comorbid mental retardation, specific learning difficulties, developmental coordination disorder, pervasive developmental disorders, conduct disorder, bipolar disorder, or substance abuse, and in 30 matched unimpaired control children. The test used includes 16 validated photographs depicting these emotions in varying intensities constructed by morphing. Children with ADHD exhibited a general deficit in decoding emotional facial expressions, with specific deficit in identifying anger and sadness. Self-rating of the task difficulty revealed lack of awareness of decoding errors in the ADHD group as compared with control subjects. Within the ADHD group, there was a significant correlation between interpersonal problems and emotional facial expression decoding impairment, which was more marked for anger expressions. These results suggest suboptimal nonverbal decoding abilities in ADHD that may have important implications for therapy.

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“…Apesar de ser um t r a n s t o rno comum em crianças, vem sendo pro g re ssivamente mais identificado em adolescentes 4 e a d u l t o s 5 , significando que a doença permanece a p ó s o final da adolescência, não sendo restrita à infân-cia. Crianças com TDAH podem ter sérios pro b l e m a s de funcionamento social, incluindo dificuldades escolares, problemas de relacionamento familiar e com amigos, além de baixa auto-estima 6,7 . O problema do TDAH não se resume aos déficits trazidos pela doença, mas à associação co-mórbida com o u t ros transtornos, que pode resultar em comprometimento social grave e exclusão.…”

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Estudo piloto da prevalência do transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade entre crianças escolares na cidade do Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

Freire

Pondé

2005

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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O presente estudo se propõe a estimar a prevalência do transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade (TDAH) em escolares através de inquérito com professores. Foi realizado um estudo piloto baseado no total de alunos do ensino fundamental, em escolas da rede pública e privada da cidade do Salvador, BA. O instrumento diagnóstico utilizado foi a Escala de TDAH versão para professores. Oito crianças (5,3%) apresentavam alta probabilidade de ter o subtipo predominantemente desatento, três escolares (2%) apresentavam alta probabilidade de apresentar o subtipo predominantemente hiperativo/impulsivo e uma criança (0,6%) apresentava alta probabilidade de apresentar o subtipo combinado. Crianças com TDAH podem ter sérios problemas de funcionamento social. O problema não se resume aos déficits trazidos pela doença, mas à associação co-mórbida com outros transtornos, que pode resultar em comprometimento social grave. O reconhecimento precoce e o manejo adequado do TDAH pode redirecionar o desenvolvimento educacional e psicossocial dessas crianças.

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Changes in Family Function and Relationships in Children Who Respond to Methylphenidate

Cited by 123 publications

References 20 publications

Disentangling Child and Family Influences on Maternal Expressed Emotion Toward Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Disentangling Child and Family Influences on Maternal Expressed Emotion Toward Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Impaired emotional facial expression recognition in alcoholics, opiate dependence subjects, methadone maintained subjects and mixed alcohol-opiate antecedents subjects compared with normal controls

Estudo piloto da prevalência do transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade entre crianças escolares na cidade do Salvador, Bahia, Brasil

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