Changes in gait and posture as factors of dynamic stability during walking in pregnancy

Krkeljas, Zarko

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2017.12.011

Cited by 48 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, it was found that in late pregnancy women had a more medial reaction for the left lower limb, particularly during the loading response phase (Branco, Santos-Rocha, Aguiar, Vieira, & Veloso, 2013;Takeda, Junji, Aya, Sigeko, & Yois, 2009). Recently, Krkeljas (2018) investigated the changes in gait and posture control as factors of stability during walking at different stages of pregnancy. His results showed that the gait kinematics did not differ between the pregnancy trimesters; however, there were significant lateral trunk lean, and medio-lateral deviations in COG and COP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-four pregnant women in their 2 nd trimester (20-22 weeks) and 24 pregnant women in their 3 rd trimester (28-32 weeks) were experimental groups (Krkeljas, 2018) in this cross-sectional study. A control group consisted of 24 non-pregnant women who were matched to the women of both experimental groups in age, height and weight.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Secondly, the temporal parameters of gait, including the double limb support time and the single limb support time that can explain the increased time parameters of GRF, were not investigated in this study. Thirdly, the participants were tested during their self-selected speed that was utilized by most of the recent studies (Aguiar, et al, 2015;Branco, et al, 2015;Krkeljas, 2018;McCrory, et al, 2011), that may affect the values of GRFs. Hessert et al (2005) stated that GRFs were affected by walking speed and recommended to examine the GRFs during a constant speed.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Research Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of ground reaction forces in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy during walking

ElDeeb

Abdel-aziem

2019

Kinesiology (Zagreb, Online)

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The objective of the current study was to examine the effect of pregnancy during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters on ground reaction forces (GRFs). Twenty-four non-pregnant women and forty-eight pregnant women in the second and third trimesters participated in this cross-sectional study. Qualisys Gait Analysis System was used to analyze peaks and time parameters of GRFs in vertical (Fz), antero-posterior (Fx) and medio-lateral directions (Fy). The results showed that there were no significant differences between the non-pregnant and the pregnant women in the first peak (Fz1) (p=.147) and the second peak (Fz2) (p=.125) of vertical GRF, braking force (FyB) (p=.867) and propulsion force (FyP) (p=.929), as well as lateral (FxL) (p=0.994) and medial (FxM) GRF (p=.920). However, there was a significant increase in the Fz minimum (min) (p=.008), and a decrease in the difference between the Fz1 and Fz min (p=.042) and the difference between Fz2 and Fz min (p=.028). Moreover, there were increases in the time taken to reach the Fz1 (p=.024), Fz2 (p=.005), Fz min (=0.001), FyB (p=.010), FyP (p=.001), FxL (p=.010) and FxM (p=.011). These findings displayed that the pregnant women assumed a flatter pattern of vertical GRF and a decreased downward movement of center of gravity. This pattern may help to make the gait smooth and efficient. Increased time to reach peaks of GRFs may be a strategy to maximize balance during pregnancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations and Future Research Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of ground reaction forces in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy during walking

ElDeeb

Abdel-aziem

2019

Kinesiology (Zagreb, Online)

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“…Regarding the postpartum, the pelvic tilt is less anteriorly tilted compared with the non-pregnant control women in a seated position. Other studies report no significant findings in terms of changes to pelvic inclination in pregnant women [25,29]. The available literature discusses the idea that the tilt of the pelvis may be associated with alterations in the spine.…”

Section: Spinal Curvaturementioning

confidence: 95%

The Biomechanics of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Conder

Zamani

Akrami

2019

JFMK

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During pregnancy, a number of biomechanical and hormonal changes occur that can alter spinal curvature, balance, and gait patterns by affecting key areas of the human body. This can greatly impact quality of life (QOL) by increasing back pain and the risk of falls. These effects are likely to be the ultimate result of a number of hormonal and biomechanical changes that occur during pregnancy. Research Question and Methodology: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this systematic review sets out to analyse all available literature relating to the biomechanics factors caused by pregnancy and assess how this might reduce QOL. Fifty papers were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review based on the PUBMED and SCOPUS databases. Results: Angles of lordosis and kyphosis of the spine are significantly increased by pregnancy, but not consistently across all studies. Back pain is significantly increased in pregnant women, although this is not significantly correlated with spinal changes. Increased movements of centre of pressure (COP) and increased stability indexes indicate postural control is reduced in pregnancy. Trunk range of motion, hip flexion, and extension are reduced, as well as decreased stride length, decreased gait velocity, and increased step width; again, not consistently. It is likely that each woman adopts unique techniques to minimise the effects, for example increasing step width to improve balance. Further research should focus on how altered limb kinematics during gait might affect QOL by influencing the human body, as well as assessing parameters in all planes to develop a wider understanding of pregnant biomechanical alterations.

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“…Since other physiological characteristics, such as height, weight, and body proportions, have not been recorded, conclusions regarding age‐specific and sex‐specific gait characteristics should be drawn with caution because the study is a cross‐sectional one. For example, a younger individual and an older individual of the same sex are not directly comparable age‐wise in the absence of additional, relevant data about the two individuals, because there are many other physiological factors besides age which affect gait such as body proportions and dimensions (BMI) , selection of speed , and cognition . While the “ideal” type of study would be a longitudinal one, feasibility of such a study remains questionable from many perspectives, including logistical and ethical.…”

Section: The Position Of Gait Analysis and Recognition In The Forensimentioning

confidence: 99%

Forensic Gait Analysis and Recognition: Standards of Evidence Admissibility

Macoveciuc

Rando

Borrion

2019

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Gait is one biological characteristic which has attracted strong research interest due to its potential use in human identification. Although almost two decades have passed since a forensic gait expert has testified to the identity of a perpetrator in court, the methods remain insufficiently robust, considering the recent paradigm shift witnessed in the forensic science community regarding quality of evidence. In contrast, technological advancements have taken the lead, and research into automated gait recognition has greatly surpassed forensic gait analysis in terms of the size of acquired datasets and demographic variability of participants, tested variables, and statistical evaluation of results. Despite these advantages, gait recognition presents with different problems which are yet to be resolved. Therefore, courts should treat gait evidence with caution, as they should any other form of evidence originating from disciplines without fully established codes of practice, error rates, and demonstrable applications in forensic scenarios.

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Changes in gait and posture as factors of dynamic stability during walking in pregnancy

Cited by 48 publications

References 24 publications

Analysis of ground reaction forces in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy during walking

Analysis of ground reaction forces in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy during walking

The Biomechanics of Pregnancy: A Systematic Review

Forensic Gait Analysis and Recognition: Standards of Evidence Admissibility

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