Changes in Galleria mellonella apolipophorin III level during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Elastase B of Pseudomonas aeruginosa stimulates the humoral immune response in the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella

“…Similar results were reported for immune hemolymph of Hyphantria cunea . We recently showed an increase in the apoLp-III content in vivo during the first 19 h after infection with P. aeruginosa and a subsequent significant decrease after prolonged infection time (Andrejko et al, 2008). It should be noticed here that preliminary studies indicated that elastase B degrades apolipophorin III in vitro (unpublished data).…”

Characterization and pathogenicity assessment of gut-associated microbes of muga silkworm Antheraea assamensis Helfer (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)

“…In present study, lysozyme activity was significantly increased in the pathogen treated groups as compared to the control groups. Similarly, G. mellonella larvae showed an increase lysozyme level after infection with P. aeruginosa (Andrejko et al, 2008). This result signifies the humoral response initiation in the hemolymph of silkworm, which leads to the activation of a defense system.…”

Surface antigens of Xenorhabdus nematophila (F. Enterobacteriaceae) and Bacillus subtilis (F. Bacillaceae) react with antibacterial factors of Malacosoma disstria (C. Insecta: O. Lepidoptera) hemolymph

“…Like other immunological factors, apolipophorin-III is limited in effectiveness; at critical levels, X. nematophila endotoxin can cause hemocyte damage indicating apolipophorin-III exhaustion (Halwani et al, 2000). Additionally, limited effectiveness is evident during development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia in G. mellonella, the protein in hemocytes declining (possibly secreted) during infection while the plasma apolipophorin-III concentration increases; however, by 24 h postinfection antigenic fragments comparable to those produced by P. aeruginosa protease IV digestion of apolipophorin-III in vitro (Andrejko et al, 2005) are detected in vivo (Andrejko et al, 2007).…”