Changes in human EEG caused by low level modulated microwave stimulation

Hinrikus, Hiie; Parts, M.; Lass, Jaanus; Tuulik, Viiu

doi:10.1002/bem.20010

Cited by 42 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Following this rationale, the EMF, as a nonspecific weak physical stressor, would not affect brain activity during a short stimulation period, but it would during repetitive stimulations and longer interaction times. In agreement with Hinrikus, we wish to stress that ''the influence of on-off stimulation cycles on the human brain activity can be different from continuous exposure by a modulated microwave'' [see Vorobyov et al, 1997;Hinrikus et al, 2004 for similar results].…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Indeed, a small change in one part of the EEG track does not provide a noticeable change in the energy of the whole track recording. According to Hinrikus et al [2004], nonlinear EEG signal processing methods, which are capable of detecting differences in the character of the signals, might be helpful in the detection of specific changes.…”

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Neurophysiological effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on humans: A comprehensive review

Valentini¹,

Curcio²,

Moroni³

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

105

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In recent years a growing number of people have begun to use mobile phone technology. This phenomenon has raised questions and doubts about possible effects on users' brains. This literature review focuses on the human electrophysiological and neuro-metabolic effects of mobile phone (MP)-related electromagnetic fields (EMFs) published in the last 10 years. To this end, all relevant papers have been reported and, subsequently, a literature selection has been carried out by taking several criteria into account, such as: blind techniques, randomization or counter-balancing of conditions and subjects, detail of exposure characteristics and the statistical analyses used. As a result, only the studies meeting the selection criteria have been described, evaluated and discussed further. The main goal of this review is to provide a clear scenario of the most reliable experiments carried out over the last decade and to offer a critical point of view in their evaluation. It is concluded that MP-EMFs may influence normal physiology through changes in cortical excitability and that in future research particular care should be dedicated to both methodological and statistical control, the most relevant criteria in this research field.

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Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussion and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurophysiological effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on humans: A comprehensive review

Valentini¹,

Curcio²,

Moroni³

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Microwave exposure at the non-thermal level of field power density was selected identical to that in our previous studies except modulation frequencies (Lass et al 2002;Hinrikus et al 2004Hinrikus et al , 2005Bachmann et al 2004;Bachmann et al 2005a). Exposure conditions were the same for all subjects.…”

Section: Microwave Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the effect is weak and difficult-to-detect. Several investigators have reported that low-level exposure produces alterations in the EEG signal and brain behavior (Mann and Roschke 1996;Borbely et al 1999;Huber et al 2000;Lass et al 2002;Hinrikus et al 2004;Curcio et al 2005), while others conclude that exposure to electromagnetic field does not alter resting EEG (Hietanen et al 2000;. Reports of possible non-thermal EMF effects are often contradictory and the difficulties in independent repeating of the experimental results cause doubts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual changes in human EEG caused by 450 MHz microwave modulated at 40 and 70 Hz

et al. 2007

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This study was aimed to investigate the changes in the human electroencephalographic (EEG) signal caused by modulated low-level microwaves. The 450 MHz microwave exposure modulated at 40 Hz and 70 Hz frequencies was applied to a group of 15 volunteers. The field power density at the scalp was 0.16 mW/cm 2 . Ten cycles of the exposure (1 min on and 1 min off) at both modulation frequencies were applied. Analysis of the EEG signal was performed using three different methods: nonlinear method of scaling analysis for length distribution of low variability periods (LDLVP), relative changes in EEG energy (S-parameter) and beta ratio (H-parameter). The analysis revealed significant changes caused by microwave for the whole group (H-parameter method). The exposure caused increase of the EEG beta power (S-parameter method). Statistically significant changes in EEG were detected for four subjects (26.7%) at 40 Hz modulation frequency (LDLVP method).

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“…Mechanisms underlying the effects of exposure at low and high frequency EMF are different, thus we can not propose in this case a possible mechanism of interaction based on Larmor precession theory as previously done. However, effects of exposure to microwaves at 0.450 GHz with 7 Hz on-off modulation on EEG alpha rhythms in human brain have been also reported [Hinrikus et al, 2004]. Because of the pulsed nature of the FEL, it was not possible to make a rigorous comparison between CW and pulsed irradiation at 130 GHz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Permeability changes induced by 130 GHz pulsed radiation on cationic liposomes loaded with carbonic anhydrase

Ramundo-Orlando

Gallerano

Stano

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

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The effects of pulsed 130 GHz radiations on lipid membrane permeability were investigated by using cationic liposomes containing dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), cholesterol, and stearylamine. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) was loaded inside the liposomes and the substrate p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA) added in the bulk aqueous phase. Upon permeation across the lipid bilayer, the trapped CA catalyzes the conversion of the p-NPA molecules into products. Because the self-diffusion rate of p-NPA across intact liposomes is very low the CA reaction rate, expressed as Delta A/min, is used to track membrane permeability changes. The effect of 130 GHz radiation pulse-modulated at low frequencies of 5, 7, or 10 Hz, and at time-averaged incident intensity (I(AV)) up to 17 mW/cm(2) was studied at room temperature (22 degrees C), below the phase transition temperature of DPPC liposomes. At all the tested values of I(AV) a significant enhancement of the enzyme reaction rate in CA-loaded liposomes occurred when the pulse repetition rate was 7 Hz. Typically, an increase from Delta A/min = 0.0026 +/- 0.0010 (n = 11) to Delta A/min = 0.0045 +/- 0.0013 (n = 12) (P < 0.0005) resulted at I(AV) = 7.7 mW/cm(2). The effect of 130 GHz pulse-modulated at 7 Hz was also observed on cationic liposomes formed with palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), at room temperature (22 degrees C), above the phase transition temperature of POPC liposomes.

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Changes in human EEG caused by low level modulated microwave stimulation

Cited by 42 publications

References 21 publications

Neurophysiological effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on humans: A comprehensive review

Neurophysiological effects of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on humans: A comprehensive review

Individual changes in human EEG caused by 450 MHz microwave modulated at 40 and 70 Hz

Permeability changes induced by 130 GHz pulsed radiation on cationic liposomes loaded with carbonic anhydrase

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