Changes in Lipid Metabolism in Traumatized Spinal Cord

Demediuk, Paul; Saunders, Royal D.; Clendenon, Nancy R.; Means, Eugene D.; Anderson, Douglas K.; Horrocks, Lloyd A.

doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61985-8

Cited by 81 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…The data correlate well with earlier published reports. [7][8][9]12,[28][29][30] Loss or decrease of motor activity is the most prominent and the most functionally relevant result of the spinal cord injury. 31 Motor disturbances observed in the rabbits that experienced trauma in response to the force of 150 g cm were not the result of the laminectomy procedure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8,32 A significant loss of motor function occurs in severe cases as a result of haemorrhagic necrosis of central grey matter that begins within minutes of the injury. The degeneration of long tracts of the white matter is evident within 24-36 h. A very likely site of post-traumatic molecular damage is the cell membrane that undergoes marked alterations of integrity and function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The degeneration of long tracts of the white matter is evident within 24-36 h. A very likely site of post-traumatic molecular damage is the cell membrane that undergoes marked alterations of integrity and function. 7,8 Demediuk et al, 9 who followed the 7 day postinjury period, discovered that traumatic spinal cord injury results in early, transient, postinjury membrane phospholipid hydrolysis, the magnitude of which is relatively independent of the severity of injury. In the second wave, more delayed and sustained lipid hydrolysis occurs, the magnitude of which is related to the severity of injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[7][8][9][10] FFAs are the components of membrane phospholipids, having an important role in maintaining the structure and functions of the cell membranes. Severe impact spinal cord injury results in decreased total phospholipid content for up to 3 days following injury, 9 but no major class of phospholipids is selectively hydrolysed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe impact spinal cord injury results in decreased total phospholipid content for up to 3 days following injury, 9 but no major class of phospholipids is selectively hydrolysed. [7][8][9]11 Impact injury to the spinal cord is associated with a biphasic increase in FFA level in spinal cord tissue. 9 The first increase, observed within 5 min of spinal cord trauma, is followed by a decline 30 min after the injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of indomethacin on motor activity and spinal cord free fatty acid content after experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits

et al. 2005

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Study design: Determination of functional and biochemical parameters as well as the effect of specific therapies on these parameters, in the experimental model of neurotrauma in rabbits. Objective: To assess the effect of indomethacin (0.1-3.0 mg/kg for 9 days), a potent inhibitor of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis, on the motor activity and on the spinal cord tissue concentration of free palmitic, stearic, oleic, arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in an experimental model of a spinal cord injury in rabbits. Setting: Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia. Methods: The animals were randomly divided into nine experimental groups, four sham and/ or vehicle-treated and five indomethacin-treated (including one sham-operated and four injured groups). Laminectomy was followed by contusion of the spinal cord, using a modification of the technique of Albin. Motor activity was controlled daily during the course of the next nine postoperation days and scored using Tarlov's system. Spinal cord samples from the impact injury site were taken and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Total lipids were isolated and purified by a modification of the method of Folch. Free fatty acids (FFAs) were separated from the total lipid extract by preparative thin-layer chromatography, converted to the corresponding methyl esters and identified using gas chromatography, using nonadecanoic acid as the internal standard. Results: The concentrations of all analysed free fatty acids were increased in the spinal cord after neurotrauma, in comparison to control tissues. Treatment of injured rabbits with indomethacin resulted in a significant decrease in spinal cord FFAs and exerted a positive effect on neurotrauma-induced motor impairment. Conclusion: These results indicate a mechanism whereby indomethacin protects rabbits from the sequellae of neuronal damage caused by trauma, and suggests that it may be beneficial in the therapy of neurotrauma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of indomethacin on motor activity and spinal cord free fatty acid content after experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits

et al. 2005

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Traumatic spinal cord injury in rats causes increases in tissue thromboxane but not peptidoleukotrienes

Demediuk¹,

Ai²

1988

J of Neuroscience Research

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Spinal cord samples from rats subjected to three different levels of impact trauma (25, 50, 100 g-cm) were examined for immunoreactive thromboxane B2 and 6-sulfidopeptide-containing leukotrienes, using specific radioimmunoassays. Trauma resulted in pronounced increases in thromboxane levels as early as 5 min after injury, with maximum values at 1 hr. Although thromboxane values then slowly declined, they remained significantly above control values for up to 7 days. Significantly smaller thromboxane values were found in rats subjected to mild injury (25 g-cm) than in those that received more severe, irreversible impact injury (50 and 100 g-cm). No statistically significant changes were observed in leukotriene levels in any of the experimental groups. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that cyclooxygenase products of arachidonic acid metabolism may contribute to secondary injury after spinal cord trauma and provides the rationale for the use of cyclooxygenase inhibitors in the treatment of such injury.

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Changes in free fatty acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol following impact injury to the rat spinal cord

Demediuk

Daly

1989

J of Neuroscience Research

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Free fatty acids (FFA), phospholipid, and cholesterol levels were measured in spinal cord samples from rats subjected to low (25 g-cm), moderate (50 g-cm), or severe (100 g-cm) impact trauma to the T10 spinal segment. All degrees of injury caused early (15 min) declines in total phospholipids after trauma; phospholipid levels remained significantly below controls in rats subjected to moderate and severe injuries for up to 3 days, whereas phospholipids had returned to baseline values by 4 hr in the low injury group. Rapid and persistent decreases in cholesterol levels were observed for all injury groups. Severe trauma was associated with biphasic increases in FFA levels: levels were elevated at 5 and 15 min post-trauma and had declined by 30 min; a second elevation was observed at 1 hr, progressively increasing to reach a maximum at 24 hr, before declining over the next 6 days. Low and moderate injuries caused similar early total FFA increases; later increases were significantly smaller than in the severely injured group. Among the free fatty acids, significant increases were observed in palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, linolenate, arachidonate, and docosahexaenoate. These findings indicate that traumatic spinal cord injury results in early, transient, postinjury membrane phospholipid hydrolysis, the magnitude of which is relatively independent of the severity of injury. More delayed and sustained lipid hydrolysis also occurs after trauma, the magnitude of which is related to the severity of injury.

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Changes in Lipid Metabolism in Traumatized Spinal Cord

Cited by 81 publications

References 83 publications

Effect of indomethacin on motor activity and spinal cord free fatty acid content after experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits

Effect of indomethacin on motor activity and spinal cord free fatty acid content after experimental spinal cord injury in rabbits

Traumatic spinal cord injury in rats causes increases in tissue thromboxane but not peptidoleukotrienes

Changes in free fatty acids, phospholipids, and cholesterol following impact injury to the rat spinal cord

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