Changes in marine fog in a warmer climate

Kawai, Hideaki; Koshiro, Tsuyoshi; Endo, Hirokazu; Arakawa, Osamu; Hagihara, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1002/asl.691

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Results from the CMIP5 experiments were open to climate research communities, leading to many studies that evaluated various aspects of model performance and contributed to the understanding of the climate system. MRI-CGCM3 has also been used for a broad range of studies such as climate change, paleoclimate, and climate extreme events (e.g., Kawai et al 2016;Kaiho et al 2016; Kaiho and Oshima 2017). The sixth phase of the CMIP (CMIP6), which is expected to fundamentally contribute to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's Sixth Assessment Report, has been planned (Eyring et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 2.0, MRI-ESM2.0: Description and Basic Evaluation of the Physical Component

Yukimoto¹,

Kawai²,

Koshiro³

et al. 2019

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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203

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The new Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model version 2.0 (MRI-ESM2.0) has been developed based on previous models, MRI-CGCM3 and MRI-ESM1, which participated in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). These models underwent numerous improvements meant for highly accurate climate reproducibility. This paper describes model formulation updates and evaluates basic performance of its physical components. The new model has nominal horizontal resolutions of 100 km for atmosphere and ocean components, similar to the previous models. The atmospheric vertical resolution is 80 layers, which is enhanced from the 48 layers of its predecessor. Accumulation of various improvements concerning clouds, such as a new stratocumulus cloud scheme, led to remarkable reduction in errors in shortwave, longwave, and net radiation at the top of the atmosphere. The resulting errors are sufficiently small compared with those in the CMIP5 models. The improved radiation distribution brings the accurate meridional heat transport required for the ocean and contributes to a reduced surface air temperature (SAT) bias. MRI-ESM2.0 displays realistic reproduction of both mean climate and interannual variability. For instance, the stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation can now be realistically expressed through the enhanced vertical resolution and introduction of non-orographic gravity wave drag parameterization. For the historical experiment, MRI-ESM2.0 reasonably reproduces global SAT change

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 2.0, MRI-ESM2.0: Description and Basic Evaluation of the Physical Component

Yukimoto¹,

Kawai²,

Koshiro³

et al. 2019

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

Self Cite

595

203

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“…This is again underscored by more recent studies (e.g., Wu et al, 2007). Noting that under the projected future warming the in-cloud liquid water content of marine fogs is projected to increase (Kawai et al, 2016), a higher risk of ship collisions can be reasonably inferred. Qu et al (2015) maintain that climate change is at least partly responsible for the observed steady decrease in winter visibility over eastern China.…”

Section: Risk I7: Increased Load On Bridges With Control Sluice Gatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the potential impacts of climate change on the safety and performance of bridges

Nasr

Björnsson

Honfí

et al. 2019

Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure

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An overabundance of evidence, both observational and from model projections, indicate that changes to the climate system are taking place at unprecedented rates. Although the magnitudes of these changes involve large uncertainties, the fact that our climate is changing is unequivocal. To ensure an unimpaired functionality of our societies,it is therefore of crucial importance to study the potential climate change impacts on infrastructure. Taking into account that bridges have a considerably long service life, it is of direct relevance to ascertain their reliable performance against climate change risks. This paper synthesizes the findings of over 190 research articles to identify the potential risks climate change may pose on bridges. Over 30 potential risks, supported by pertinent previous bridge damage (or failure) cases, are identified, categorized, and linked to the projected future climate changes. The identified risks can be used as a basis for future risk prioritization by bridge managers.

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“…Marine fog [1] reduces visibility to less than 1 km and is responsible for 32% of worldwide sea accidents [2]. Regarding global warming [3], changes in marine fog occurrence correspond well with horizontal temperature advection changes near the surface in numerical simulations, including the Southern Ocean around Antarctica [4]. Fog and mist over polar seas are highest in the summer and are rarely observed during winter [5], and the process of their onset, maintenance, and disappearance are all closely related to interactions between the atmosphere, sea, land, and ice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Khwairakpam et al investigated an episode of coastal advection fog over East Antarctica oases recorded by monostatic acoustic sodar, and they showed that this type of fog was an important source of water for microbes [32]. Overall, marine fog processes in the Antarctic region are largely unknown [4,5]. The aim of this paper is to elucidate the development of King George Island marine fog through site observations and to highlight the dominant processes of its formation in the area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of a Sea Fog Episode at King George Island, Antarctica

et al. 2019

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In this study, a marine fog episode at King George Island off the Antarctic Peninsula from 26–30 January 2017 was investigated using surface observations, upper-air soundings, and re-analysis data as well as the air mass backward trajectory method. The marine fog episode resulted from an approaching low-pressure system, was maintained at high wind speeds, and quickly dissipated when the low-pressure system passed the observation site. During this episode, cloud lay existed above the fog and stratus, the atmosphere was stably stratified for 1600 m, and the air close to the surface was more mixed than air in the upper layer. The air-sea temperature difference (ASTD) of 1–2 °C and a strong surface wind parallel to the gradient of SST were two important factors in the formation and maintenance of the marine fog near the Antarctic region. The convergence of flux for both water vapor and heat during the fog episode was also discussed.

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Changes in marine fog in a warmer climate

Cited by 13 publications

References 29 publications

The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 2.0, MRI-ESM2.0: Description and Basic Evaluation of the Physical Component

The Meteorological Research Institute Earth System Model Version 2.0, MRI-ESM2.0: Description and Basic Evaluation of the Physical Component

A review of the potential impacts of climate change on the safety and performance of bridges

Analysis of a Sea Fog Episode at King George Island, Antarctica

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