Changes in nematode populations on sugarcane following fallow, fumigation and crop rotation, and implications for the role of nematodes in yield decline

Stirling, G. R.; Blair, B. L.; Pattemore, Julie; Garside, A. L.; Bell, Michael J.

doi:10.1071/ap01044

Cited by 45 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Microbial activity in cropped soils ranged from 0.02 to 0.09 µg fluorescein/g soil.min, whereas soil below the 0-0.05 m layer often had fewer than 5 free-living nematodes/g soil (Tables 2, 3, and 5). In both cases, these values are many orders of magnitude lower than values obtained for soils under other land uses in northern Australia (Stirling et al 2001;Pankhurst et al 2005;Stirling and Lodge 2005). It is therefore not surprising that our results showed that changes in management (e.g.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia

Bell¹,

Seymour²,

Stirling³

et al. 2006

Soil Res.

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Abstract. The grain-producing regions of northern New South Wales and southern and central Queensland are characterised by cropping systems that are strongly dependent on stored soil moisture rather than in-crop rainfall, and tillage systems that are increasingly reliant on zero or minimum tillage. Crops are grown relatively infrequently and crop rotations are dominated by winter and summer grains (wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor L. Moench], respectively), with smaller areas of grain legumes and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The grey, black, and brown Vertosols represent the more productive soils in the region under rainfed cropping, and are the focus of work reported in this study.Soil samples were collected from surface soils (0-0.30 m) across the region, utilising sites of long term tillage and residue management studies, fertiliser trials, and commercial fields to enable an assessment of the impact of various management practices on soil biological properties. A number of biological and biochemical parameters were measured (microbial biomass C, total organic C and labile C fractions, total C and N, microbial activity using FDA, cellulase activity, free living nematodes, total DNA and fatty acid profiles), and the response of wheat, sorghum, and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to steam pasteurisation was assessed in glasshouse bioassays. The objective was to obtain an indication of the biological status of grain-growing soils and assess the impact of biological constraints in soils from different regions and management systems.Results showed that biological activity in cropped soils was consistently low relative to other land uses in northern Australia, with management practices like stubble retention and adoption of zero tillage producing relatively small benefits. In the case of zero tillage, many of these benefits were confined to the top 0.05 m of the soil profile. Fallowing to recharge soil moisture reserves significantly reduced all soil biological parameters, while pasture leys produced consistent positive benefits. Breaking a long fallow with a short duration grain or brown manure crop significantly moderated the negative effects of a long bare fallow on soil biology. Use of inorganic N and P fertilisers produced minimal effects on soil biota, with the exception of one component of the free-living nematode community (the Dorylaimida).The glasshouse bioassays provided consistent evidence that soil biota were constraining growth of both grain crops (sorghum and wheat) but not the grain legume (chickpea). The biota associated with this constraint have not yet been identified, but effects were consistent across the region and were not associated with the presence of any known pathogen or correlated with any of the measured soil biological or biochemical properties. Further work to confirm the existence and significance of these constraints under field conditions is needed.None of the measured biological or biochemical parameters consistently changed in response to management prac...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 46%

Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia

Bell¹,

Seymour²,

Stirling³

et al. 2006

Soil Res.

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“…However, as we have seen, sugarcane is a very good host for Pratylenchus and even if cover crops were grown for six months or more, this nematode would still be present when sugarcane was replanted and would no doubt increase in abundance again. A similar observation was made by Stirling et al (2001): Pratylenchus populations declined after soybean fallow but recovered quickly when the soil was replanted back to sugarcane. Data from the field trial also enabled examination of the effect of cover crops on the abundance of the stunt (Tylenchorhynchus) nematode which was not present in the soil used for the pot trials.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The effect of cover crops on plant parasitic-nematodes of sugarcane

Berry

Rhodes

Foster

et al. 2011

International Journal of Pest Management

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Plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant yield losses to sugarcane crops in South Africa. The currently available chemicals for nematode control are both expensive and potentially detrimental to the environment. Various alternative crops have been reported to reduce the numbers of plant-parasitic nematodes. Mindful of this, we evaluated 27 cover crops in pot trials to assess their host status to important plant-parasitic nematodes of sugarcane. All of the crops tested in pots hosted significantly lower numbers of Pratylenchus than did sugarcane. Crops such as cowpeas, tomato and grazing vetch were good hosts for Meloidogyne and would not be good choices as part of a sugarcane rotation system in heavily-infested soils. Conversely, crops such as oats, wheat, forage peanuts and marigolds reduced numbers of Meloidogyne. Velvet beans increased the abundance of Helicotylenchus, a beneficial nematode genus. A field trial was also conducted to study the effect of different cover cropping sequences. Our results show that changes in nematode communities occurred within three months of growing these crops and often remained low for the duration (the remaining 15 months) of the crops' growth. Nematodes such as Pratylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus were significantly lowered and remained so for the duration of the trial. (Résumé d'auteur

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“…Lower number of root-knot nematodes in a fallow treatment is expected (Stirling et al, 2001). However, it was unexpected that CP resulted in higher root-knot nematode numbers than the fallow treatment because previously we determined that 'Iron Clay' cowpea was a poor host to the root-knot nematode, M. incognita (Wang et al, 2003a).…”

Section: Cover Crop Effects On Root-knot Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 86%

Cover crops and organic mulches for nematode, weed and plant health management

Wang

McSorley

Gallaher

et al. 2008

Nematol

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Traditional cover cropping systems for nematode management seldom consider weed and soil nutrient management concurrently. Integrating cover crops suppressive to plant-parasitic nematodes with a cover crop mulching system could improve traditional approaches. Two field experiments were conducted in 2003 and 2004 to evaluate 'Tropic Sun' sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and 'Iron Clay' cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) as summer cover crops and as organic mulches. Both experiments were in a 3 × 3 split-plot design in which the main plots were summer planting of sunn hemp, cowpea or fallow, and the subplots were organic mulch of sunn hemp, cowpea or no mulch. The summer cover crop was followed by turnip (Brassica rapa) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) in the autumn. Using sunn hemp as organic mulch suppressed root-knot nematodes more effectively than using it as a cover crop, but only on a less susceptible host such as turnip, and not on a very susceptible host such as lima bean. While sunn hemp as a cover crop failed to enhance beneficial free-living nematodes, sunn hemp as an organic mulch enhanced bacterial-feeding nematode population densities. Sunn hemp mulch also suppressed broadleaf weeds but not grasses or nutsedges. Although sunn hemp and cowpea cover crops did not increase lima bean N and K content, their mulches increased N and K content. Similar results were observed for turnip and lima bean yields. Population density of root-knot nematodes was positively related to abundance of omnivorous nematode in 2003. The abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes was negatively related to the infestation levels of Pasteuria penetrans, and the abundance of predatory nematodes in 2004. Factors that might have affected the performance of sunn hemp on nematode communities are discussed.

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Changes in nematode populations on sugarcane following fallow, fumigation and crop rotation, and implications for the role of nematodes in yield decline

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia

Impacts of management on soil biota in Vertosols supporting the broadacre grains industry in northern Australia

The effect of cover crops on plant parasitic-nematodes of sugarcane

Cover crops and organic mulches for nematode, weed and plant health management

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