Changes in peri‑ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review)

Detorakis, Εfstathios T.; Bontzos, Georgios; Drakonaki, Eleni E.; Spandidos, Demetrios A.

doi:10.3892/etm.2021.10082

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 50 publications

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“…The periocular changes in XFS include the development of eyelid laxity, conjunctival chalasis, tear film abnormalities, orbital fat atrophy after the administration of prostaglandin analogues, deficient orbital vascular supply and biomechanical changes in both the eyeball and the optic nerve [22].…”

Section: The Clinical Characteristics Of Pseudoexfoliation Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome—Clinical Characteristics of Most Common Cause of Secondary Glaucoma

Tomczyk-Socha,

Tomczak,

Winkler-Lach

et al. 2023

JCM

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Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) is a condition in which excess material builds up not only in the structures of the anterior chamber but also throughout the body. The frequency of the syndrome varies significantly (0.3–18%) depending on the region and the method of examination. Environmental risk factors for XFS include a large number of sunny days, proximity to the equator, dietary factors such as higher consumption of coffee and tea, long-term alcohol consumption, exposure to UV, and outdoor work. The pathognomonic sign of XFS is the presence of white material on the lens capsule and other anterior chamber components. In addition, a characteristic Sampaolesi line can be observed during gonioscopy. Systemic alterations indicative of XFS have been observed in the extracellular matrix of the eyelid skin, the heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, gallbladder, meninges, and endothelium of the blood vessels. XFS is the most common cause of secondary open-angle glaucoma, which is called pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and is more severe than primary open-angle glaucoma. It is plausible that a combination of environmental factors and genetic alterations promotes the onset of pseudoexfoliation syndrome, which requires additional research.

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Section: The Clinical Characteristics Of Pseudoexfoliation Syndromementioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome—Clinical Characteristics of Most Common Cause of Secondary Glaucoma

Tomczyk-Socha,

Tomczak,

Winkler-Lach

et al. 2023

JCM

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Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications

Schlötzer‐Schrehardt

2023

The Science of Glaucoma Management

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Histopathological Analysis of Pseudoexfoliation Material in Ocular Surgeries: Clinical Implications

Stejar,

Istrate-Ofițeru,

Tofolean

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Background: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a common age-related ocular condition characterized by the accumulation of a fibrillar, pseudoexfoliative material on the anterior segment of the eye. This study aims to investigate the histopathological characteristics of pseudoexfoliative material within different ocular structures, including the eyelid, conjunctiva, and anterior lens capsule. Methods: A total of 32 anterior lens capsules, 3 eyelid fragments, and 12 conjunctival specimens were obtained from patients clinically diagnosed with PEX during ocular surgeries at the Onioptic Hospital of Ophthalmology. The tissue specimens were subsequently processed using the classical histological technique of paraffin embedding. This process enabled the production of serial sections with a thickness of 4 microns, facilitating the microscopic examination of fine details. The sections were stained with the hematoxylin-eosin (HE) method for the observation of microscopic structures. Results: This study’s findings reveal that PEX material, characterized by its fibrillar and amorphous components, is consistently present across multiple ocular structures, including the anterior lens capsule, eyelid, and conjunctiva. When stained with H&E, the PEX material typically appears as amorphous, eosinophilic deposits. Under higher magnification, these deposits exhibit a fibrillar structure, often appearing as irregular, granular, or filamentous aggregates. Conclusions: The deposit of fibrillar material in the eyelid and conjunctiva, though less commonly emphasized compared to other structures, is a significant finding that sheds light on the systemic nature of the syndrome. The consistent identification of fibrillar eosinophilic deposits across these structures highlights the systemic distribution of PEX material, reinforcing the notion that PEX syndrome is not confined to the anterior segment of the eye.

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Changes in peri‑ocular anatomy and physiology in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (Review)

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome—Clinical Characteristics of Most Common Cause of Secondary Glaucoma

Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome—Clinical Characteristics of Most Common Cause of Secondary Glaucoma

Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical implications

Histopathological Analysis of Pseudoexfoliation Material in Ocular Surgeries: Clinical Implications

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