Changes in pH at the exterior surface of plankton with ocean acidification

Flynn, Kevin J.; Blackford, Jerry; Baird, Mark E.; Raven, John A.; Clark, Darren R.; Beardall, John; Brownlee, Colin; Fabian, Heiner; Wheeler, Glen

doi:10.1038/nclimate1489

Cited by 174 publications

(181 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

164

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Poor control and characterization of the DIC system during culture experiments may explain some of the inconsistencies in experiments conducted with single species, such as Emiliania huxleyi (Hurd et al, 2009;Hoppe et al, 2011). Flynn et al (2012), in a recent modelling study, showed that the pH and DIC system may be significantly different at the cell surface than in the bulk medium. This difference will become more pronounced as the ocean acidifies and the buffering capacity of the ocean is reduced.…”

Section: Climate Change and Phytoplankton Dom Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

368

311

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The partitioning of organic matter (OM) between dissolved and particulate phases is an important factor in determining the fate of organic carbon in the ocean. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton is a ubiquitous process, resulting in 2-50% of the carbon fixed by photosynthesis leaving the cell. This loss can be divided into two components: passive leakage by diffusion across the cell membrane and the active exudation of DOM into the surrounding environment. At present there is no method to distinguish whether DOM is released via leakage or exudation. Most explanations for exudation remain hypothetical; as while DOM release has been measured extensively, there has been relatively little work to determine why DOM is released. Further research is needed to determine the composition of the DOM released by phytoplankton and to link composition to phytoplankton physiological status and environmental conditions. For example, the causes and physiology of phytoplankton cell death are poorly understood, though cell death increases membrane permeability and presumably DOM release. Recent work has shown that phytoplankton interactions with bacteria are important in determining both the amount and composition of the DOM released. In response to increasing CO 2 in the atmosphere, climate change is creating increasingly stressful conditions for phytoplankton in the surface ocean, including relatively warm water, low pH, low nutrient supply and high light. As ocean physics and chemistry change, it is hypothesized that a greater proportion of primary production will be released directly by phytoplankton into the water as DOM. Changes in the partitioning of primary production between the dissolved and particulate phases will have bottom-up effects on ecosystem structure and function. There is a need for research to determine how these changes affect the fate of organic matter in the ocean, particularly the efficiency of the biological carbon pump.

show abstract

Section: Climate Change and Phytoplankton Dom Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Thornton

2014

European Journal of Phycology

368

311

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…the surface layer of the organism) to the bulk carbonate chemistry measurements made in the field to ascertain the actual values that organisms are experiencing (e.g. Flynn et al 2012). Long-term OA studies that incorporate the natural diurnal and seasonal variation into both control and experimental treatments are needed to determine nearshore organismal resilience to near-future ocean acidification conditions.…”

Section: Implications For Ocean Acidification Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the carbonate chemistry in a shallow, seagrass-dominated ecosystem: implications for ocean acidification experiments

Challener

Robbins

McClintock

2016

Mar. Freshwater Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Open ocean observations have shown that increasing levels of anthropogenically derived atmospheric CO 2 are causing acidification of the world's oceans. Yet little is known about coastal acidification and studies are just beginning to characterise the carbonate chemistry of shallow, nearshore zones where many ecologically and economically important organisms occur. We characterised the carbonate chemistry of seawater within an area dominated by seagrass beds (Saint Joseph Bay, Florida) to determine the extent of variation in pH and pCO 2 over monthly and daily timescales. Distinct diel and seasonal fluctuations were observed at daily and monthly timescales respectively, indicating the influence of photosynthetic and respiratory processes on the local carbonate chemistry. Over the course of a year, the range in monthly values of pH (7.36-8.28), aragonite saturation state (0.65-5.63), and calculated pCO 2 (195-2537 matm) were significant. When sampled on a daily basis the range in pH (7.70-8.06), aragonite saturation state (1.86-3.85), and calculated pCO 2 (379-1019 matm) also exhibited significant range and indicated variation between timescales. The results of this study have significant implications for the design of ocean acidification experiments where nearshore species are utilised and indicate that coastal species are experiencing far greater fluctuations in carbonate chemistry than previously thought.

show abstract

“…HCO 3 -, CO 3 2-) experienced by phytoplankton is related to cell size, such that smaller-celled taxa (<10 µm) with a reduced diffusive boundary layer are naturally exposed to relatively less variability compared to larger cells (Flynn et al 2012 (Richier et al 2014). Indeed, the marked response in DMS concentrations to short term OA in temperate waters has been attributed to this enhanced sensitivity of small phytoplankton (Hopkins and Archer 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Hopkins

Stephens

Moore

et al. 2018

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Emissions of dimethylsulfide (DMS) from the polar oceans play a key role in10 atmospheric processes and climate. Therefore, it is important we increase our understanding of how DMS production in these regions may respond to environmental change. The polar oceans are particularly vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). However, our understanding of the polar DMS response is limited to two studies conducted in Arctic waters, where in both cases DMS concentrations decreased with increasing acidity. Here, we report on our findings 15 from seven summertime shipboard microcosm experiments undertaken in a variety of locations in the Arctic Ocean and Southern Ocean. These experiments reveal no significant effects of short term OA on the net production of DMS by planktonic communities. This is in contrast to identical experiments from temperate NW European shelf waters where surface ocean communities responded to OA with significant increases in dissolved DMS 20 concentrations. A meta-analysis of the findings from both temperate and polar waters (n = 18 experiments) reveals clear regional differences in the DMS response to OA. We suggest that these regional differences in DMS response reflect the natural variability in carbonate chemistry to which the respective communities may already be adapted. Future temperate oceans could be more sensitive to OA resulting in a change in DMS emissions to the 25 atmosphere, whilst perhaps surprisingly DMS emissions from the polar oceans may remain

show abstract

Changes in pH at the exterior surface of plankton with ocean acidification

Cited by 174 publications

References 27 publications

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) release by phytoplankton in the contemporary and future ocean

Variability of the carbonate chemistry in a shallow, seagrass-dominated ecosystem: implications for ocean acidification experiments

Dimethylsulfide (DMS) production in polar oceans may be resilient to ocean acidification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About