Changes in phytochemical composition, bioactivity and in vitro digestibility of guayusa leaves (Ilex guayusa Loes.) in different ripening stages

Villacís-Chiriboga, José; García-Ruiz, Almudena; Baenas, Nieves; Moreno, Diego A.; Meléndez-Martínez, Antonio J.; Stinco, Carla M.; Jerves-Andrade, Lourdes; León-Tamaríz, Fabián; Ortiz-Ulloa, Johanna; Ruales, Jenny

doi:10.1002/jsfa.8675

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…They quantified total phenolic and total carotenoid content as well as identifying 14 hydroxycinnamic acids and flavinols (principally chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-O-hexose respectively), and five carotenoids. A similar analysis of those same compounds in guayusa leaves at different stages of ripening was published in 2017 by Villacís-Chiriboga et al [22]. Also in 2017 Pardau et al [23] identified 22 phenolics, major constituents being mono-and dicaffeoylquinic acid derivatives.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Comparative Composition Analysis of the Dried Leaves of Ilex guayusa (Loes.)

Wise¹,

Santander²

2018

JFNR

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Guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loes.) is a traditional herbal tea of western Amazon regions and an international commodity of increasing importance. Its consumption is rapidly growing in the USA and Canada, and the authorization of guayusa extract as a novel food in Europe signals further international market growth of this antioxidant and stimulant tea. However, little is known about the chemical composition of guayusa, despite much research on related Ilex species. There is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the chemical composition of guayusa, to support assessments of its safety and its claimed nutritional value. This study follows the novel food assessment framework of the European Union Food Safety Authority, characterizing the proximate composition of guayusa and elucidating caffeine, amino acid and elemental components. It also evaluates potential microbial, mycotoxin and pesticide residue contaminants. The chemical composition of guayusa is analyzed in context with the related and well-characterized foods, yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil.) and tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Guayusa's moisture content, caffeine concentration, amino acid compliment and elemental profile, including heavy metals, present no greater risk to human health than the consumption of tea or yerba mate. It is also established that there is a low risk of mycotoxin, bacterial or pesticide residue contamination of guayusa. The chemical composition of guayusa presents no barrier to the authorization of guayusa as a novel food in accordance with European Union novel food guidelines.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Comparative Composition Analysis of the Dried Leaves of Ilex guayusa (Loes.)

Wise¹,

Santander²

2018

JFNR

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“…The antioxidant activity of I. guayusa extract is scarcely documented and there are no reports on the FRAP and ABTS methods, although this bioactivity has been demonstrated through the 2,2-diphenyl-1picrylhidrazyl radical (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) methods (Dudonne et al, 2009;García-Ruiz et al 2017;Sidali et al, 2016;Villacís-Chiriboga et al 2018).…”

Section: Key Factors Affecting the Ultrasound-assisted Extraction Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have been performed in the last years concerning the phytochemical composition of I. guayusa and the species has been reported as an interesting source of secondary metabolites, such as pentacyclic triterpenoid derivatives, xanthines, flavonoids, saponins and chlorogenic acid derivatives (Chianese et al, 2019;García-Ruiz et al, 2017;Pardau et al, 2017;Villacís-Chiriboga et al 2018). In addition, preliminary preclinical assays allowed to partially confirm the traditional use of I. guayusa tea and beverages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidants from Ilex guayusa Loes. leaves using response surface methodology

Crespo

Radice

Sánchez

et al. 2020

Heliyon

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The present study carried out the optimisation of the total polyphenol content (TPC) extraction assisted by ultrasound in Ilex guayusa leaves applying response surface methodology (RSM). Also, the evaluation of the antioxidant activity of the extract obtained under the optimal extraction conditions was performed. The effect of the variables like, time of sonication, temperature, ethanol/water ratio and solid/liquid relationship and the interactions between them were analysed through the use of a factorial design 2^4. The significant factors were considered for the optimisation, employing a Box-Behnken Design, and the TPC as response variables. It was found that a quadratic model was adequate, with an adjusted R 2 value of 0.9367. The optimal conditions proposed, by the response surface model were: an extraction temperature of 60 C, sonication time of 29.9 min and ethanol/water ratio of 76.8/23.2. The optimised leaves extract of I. guayusa show a TPC of 3.46 (AE0.17) g gallic acid equivalents/100 g d.w. Radical scavenger activity of the obtained extract at optimum conditions, was performed through the FRAP and ABTS methods, given as result: 0.080 mmol TROLOX equivalents/100 g d.w. and 40.71 μmol TROLOX equivalents/g d.w., respectively. Due to the present findings, I. guayusa extracts can be proposed as a promising component for functional beverages, cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulation.

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“…On the other hand, Ilex guayusa Loes, known as “guayusa,” is a native plant of the neotropics with natural distribution in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil [ 29 , 37 ]. In previous studies, different extracts with antimicrobial activity derived from species of the Piper genus and Ilex guayusa Loes have been evaluated [ 38 – 40 ]. However, up to now, none have addressed Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes extract antimicrobial activity against important microorganisms of periodontal disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Piper betle ethanol and methanol extracts presented inhibitory action against E. coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Salmonella typhimurium , S. aureus , and Bacillus cereus [ 15 ]. In contrast, Villacis-Chiriboga and collaborators evaluated Ilex guayusa Loes aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts activity against E. coli ATCC 25922 and S. aureus ATCC 25923, not finding any antibacterial properties [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity ofPiper marginatumJacq andIlex guayusaLoes on Microorganisms Associated with Periodontal Disease

Gamboa

Muñoz

Numpaque

et al. 2018

International Journal of Microbiology

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Background Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease, where multiple bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum are implicated. The main purpose of researching natural products is to find substances or compounds with antimicrobial activity. Aim The objective of this work was to determine antimicrobial activity from extracts and obtained fractions from Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes on P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, and P. intermedia ATCC 25611. Methods Total ethanol extracts were obtained from both plants. Fractions were obtained from total ethanol extracts with amberlite as a stationary phase employing hexane, acetone, and ethanol-water as solvents. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical characterization was performed on total ethanol extracts from both plants. Antimicrobial activity from total ethanol extracts and fractions from both plants were evaluated on P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, F. nucleatum ATCC 25586, and P. intermedia ATCC by the well diffusion method with Wilkins–Chalgren agar. Results Piper marginatum Jacq total ethanol extract presented antimicrobial activity against all three bacteria, whereas Ilex guayusa Loes was only efficient against P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and P. intermedia ATCC 25611, with inhibition halos from 9.3 to 30 mm. Ilex guayusa Loes obtained fractions presented antimicrobial activity against all three microorganisms evaluated, with inhibition halos ranging from 9.7 to 18.7 mm. In regards to Piper marginatum Jacq fractions, inhibition halos were between 8.3 and 19 mm, against all three microorganisms evaluated; only hexane fraction did not present antimicrobial activity against F. nucleatum ATCC 25586. Conclusion Piper marginatum Jacq and Ilex guayusa Loes total ethanol extracts and fractions presented outstanding antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis ATCC 33277, P. intermedia ATCC 25611, and F. nucleatum ATCC 25586.

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Changes in phytochemical composition, bioactivity and in vitro digestibility of guayusa leaves (Ilex guayusa Loes.) in different ripening stages

Abstract: Young guayusa leaves have potential applications as a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical industries. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cited by 26 publications

References 52 publications

Comparative Composition Analysis of the Dried Leaves of <i>Ilex guayusa</i> (Loes.)

Comparative Composition Analysis of the Dried Leaves of <i>Ilex guayusa</i> (Loes.)

Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic antioxidants from Ilex guayusa Loes. leaves using response surface methodology

Antimicrobial Activity ofPiper marginatumJacq andIlex guayusaLoes on Microorganisms Associated with Periodontal Disease

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