Changes in plant population density, composition and sward structure of a hill pasture during a pastoral fallow

Nie, Zhongnan; Mackay, A. D.; Barker, D. J.; Valentine, Ian; Hodgson, J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1997.tb02349.x

Cited by 23 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Under deficit irrigation, grazing management should be based on species and growth habit and it is important to ensure that water soluble carbohydrate reserves are replenished after a grazing event to maximise persistence [94]. Pasture persistence may be improved by rotational grazing [106,107], leaving greater residual material following grazing, or by resting the pasture and limiting grazing to promote density and persistence [108].…”

Section: Grazing Management Of Water-stressed Pasturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage Options for Dairy Farms with Reduced Water Availability in the Southern Murray Darling Basin of Australia

2017

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Abstract:The dairy industry in the southern Murray Darling Basin region of Australia is a major consumer of irrigation water because rainfall is low relative to evapotranspiration and the industrys relies heavily on irrigated temperate pastures and fodder crops. Water reforms, and potential climate change scenarios for this region suggest that there will be an overall decline in rainfall and water available for irrigation in the future. For the irrigated dairy industry to remain economically viable, there is a need for dairy farmers to improve the water productivity (WP) of their forage systems and to be able to respond to year-to-year, and within year, variation in water availability. Researchers and dairy farmers are evaluating strategies to increase WP. These include: (i) selecting better-adapted species for current and predicted climatic conditions; (ii) using species that can survive and still be productive under reduced irrigation and then recover when full irrigation is restored; (iii) modifying irrigation strategies to reduce water use whilst maintaining WP; and (iv) grazing management strategies that facilitate the survival during, and recovery after, periods of moisture stress. This review will examine these strategies and discusses their potential to optimise forage production from irrigation water inputs so that the dairy industry in the southern Murray Darling Basin remains viable in the future.

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Section: Grazing Management Of Water-stressed Pasturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forage Options for Dairy Farms with Reduced Water Availability in the Southern Murray Darling Basin of Australia

2017

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“…No differences in chemical composition between the pastures have been found, but no detailed analysis of individual plant compounds (e.g., FA, secondary plant metabolites) has been reported. Pasture composition changes over the season (Walker et al, 2004) and the botanical composition of pastures with mixed swards is affected by varying responses of different species to grazing intervals, nutrient input, and herbage regrowth (Nie et al, 1997;Belesky et al, 1999). Differences in milk FA composition between seasons have been reported in various studies (Dunshea et al, 2008;Heck et al, 2009;Rutten et al, 2009).…”

Section: Effect Of Season and Stage Of Lactationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty acid profile differs between organic and conventionally produced cow milk independent of season or milking time

Schwendel

Morel

Wester

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Differing amounts of fresh forage and concentrates fed, and level of input contributes to the differences reported in fatty acid (FA) composition of organic and conventionally produced cow milk. In many previous studies designed to investigate this phenomenon, comparisons were made between grazed organic cows and housed conventional cows. In the present study, we have investigated differences between organic and conventional milk produced using year-round pasture grazing, as practiced in New Zealand. The FA composition was determined in milk sampled at morning and evening milking in both spring and autumn. Samples were taken from 45 cows from the Massey University organic herd and compared with 50 cows from the corresponding conventional herd grazed and managed similarly at the same location. Forty-three out of 51 analyzed FA were influenced by season, whereas 28 were different between production systems. In addition, one-half were also different due to time of milking. Levels of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid were higher in organic milk, whereas conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and vaccenic acid were higher in conventional milk. The first 3 FA (linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and CLA) were more abundant in milk harvested during autumn, and the CLA concentration was also significantly influenced by time of milking. Our results confirm reports that the FA profile is affected by season and time of milking, and we also showed an effect due to the production system, when both sets of cows were kept continuously on pasture, even after taking milking time and seasonal effect into account.

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“…Barker et al (1991) found that the persistence of orchardgrass was improved under rotational grazing. A spell of grazing over summer and autumn promoted the plant population density and hence persistence of perennial grass-based pastures (Nie et al, 1997;Waller et al, 1999;Nie et al, 2005).…”

Section: Management and Persistencementioning

confidence: 99%

Stress Tolerance and Persistence of Perennial Grasses: The Role of the Summer Dormancy Trait in Temperate Australia

Nie

Norton

2009

Crop Science

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The significantly lower annual rainfall experienced in Australia over the past decade together with projections of long‐term climate change has placed increased emphasis on the use of pasture plants with superior tolerance to environmental stress, particularly drought, to ensure persistence for the grazing industries. Summer dormancy is one of the more important traits that grasses have to adapt to environments where there is little, variable, or no summer rainfall. In this article, the role that the summer dormancy trait has played in enhancing the survival of temperate perennial grasses in Australia is reviewed with special reference to orchardgrass (cocksfoot; Dactylis glomerata L.) and tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh.]. The performance of cultivars and populations with this trait is assessed in comparison to germplasm without the trait. Other major factors such as the contribution of rooting depth to stress tolerance and their possible relationship with summer dormancy are documented and evaluated. Current knowledge of the physiological basis by which summer dormancy improves survival of summer drought is also summarized.

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Changes in plant population density, composition and sward structure of a hill pasture during a pastoral fallow

Abstract: Appropriate pre-sowing methods for the introduc-

Cited by 23 publications

References 18 publications

Forage Options for Dairy Farms with Reduced Water Availability in the Southern Murray Darling Basin of Australia

Forage Options for Dairy Farms with Reduced Water Availability in the Southern Murray Darling Basin of Australia

Fatty acid profile differs between organic and conventionally produced cow milk independent of season or milking time

Stress Tolerance and Persistence of Perennial Grasses: The Role of the Summer Dormancy Trait in Temperate Australia

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