Changes in pore properties of phenol formaldehyde-based carbon with carbonization and oxidation conditions

Study on phenolic resin beads: Effect of reaction parameters on the properties of polymeric beads

“…The final decomposition took place at about 510°C leading to a sharp weight loss, continuing up to a temperature of 530°C. Finally, at about 800°C, there appeared a plateau indicating the completion of carbonization process at the temperature 27. Figure 4 shows an increase in residue content with increasing concentration of the catalyst.…”

Investigation on the Low-Temperature Transformations of Poly(furfuryl alcohol) Deposited on MCM-41

“…Among many types of known adsorptive materials (zeolites, silica gels, clays, molecular sieves), − activated carbons (ACs) are widely used in commercial scale due to low costs of large-capacity production and desirable microstructural properties. The process of ACs manufacture consists of two essential steps: (i) carbonization of raw carbon-containing material under controlled (usually oxygen-free) conditions and (ii) physical or chemical activation resulting in a formation of eligible porosity and/or surface composition. , Activated carbons find a large number of applications, mainly in environmental protection (e.g., adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) − and CO 2 − as well as purification of wastewater by the removal of heavy metal ions or phenols , ), chemical industry (as a catalyst support), , and electrochemistry. , Many different raw materials are used for the fabrication of ACs, for instance: coal, charcoal, biomass, or waste synthetic polymers. ,− The use of synthetic polymeric materials seems to be one of the most promising methods for the production of special quality activated carbons due to the possibility of tailoring and control of the properties of the final adsorbent as well as its high reproducibility. Obviously, the raw polymer used strictly determines the structural, textural, and surface properties of the final carbon adsorbent.…”

Comparative study of carbon dioxide and nitrogen atmospheric effects on the chemical structure changes during pyrolysis of phenol–formaldehyde spheres

“…has reported that some porous carbons with high adsorption capacity for trihalomethanes (THMs) could be prepared by carbonizing phenol spheres under carbon dioxide atmosphere, followed by nitric acid oxidation, but those carbonized under nitrogen atmosphere did not show such performance [9][10][11][12][13][14]. In addition, Kim et al [15] have demonstrated that, after acid oxidation of the carbonized PF spheres, the microporosity decreased for the spheres heat-treated under CO 2 , whereas it increased for those under N 2 atmosphere, and hence both the adsorption capacity of the acid-oxidized PF spheres for halogenated methanes and the morphology of the spheres depend very much on the surface chemistry. All these observations suggested that the influence of CO 2 atmosphere on the chemical nature of carbonized PF spheres was different from that of N 2 atmosphere.…”