Changes in protein phosphorylation in the eye of <i>Aplysia</i> associated with circadian rhythm regulation by serotonin

Zwartjes, Raymond E.; Eskin, Arnold

doi:10.1002/neu.480210210

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press on March 24, 2019 -Published by learnmem.cshlp.org Downloaded from of solubilization buffer and analyzed by 2-D PAGE, as described in Zwartjes and Eskin (1990) except that the ampholytes (Pharmacia, Piscataway, NJ) used were pH 2.5-5, 4-6.5, and 3-10 in a ratio of 1:2:2. In addition, gels were treated with Autofluor (National Diagnostics, Atlanta, GA) before drying.…”

Section: -D Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of specific mRNAs affected by treatments producing long-term facilitation in Aplysia.

Zwartjes

West

Hattar³

et al. 1998

Learn. Mem.

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Neural correlates of long-term sensitization of defensive withdrawal reflexes in Aplysia occur in sensory neurons in the pleural ganglia and can be mimicked by exposure of these neurons to serotonin (5-HT). Studies using inhibitors indicate that transcription is necessary for production of long-term facilitation by 5-HT. Several mRNAs that change in response to 5-HT have been identified, but the molecular events responsible for long-term facilitation have not yet been fully described. To detect additional changes in mRNAs, we investigated the effects of 5-HT (1.5 hr) on levels of mRNA in pleural-pedal ganglia using in vitro translation. Four mRNAs were affected by 5-HT, three of which were identified as calmodulin (CaM), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), and a novel gene product (protein 3). Using RNase protection assays, we found that 5-HT increased all three mRNAs in the pleural sensory neurons. CaM and protein 3 mRNAs were also increased in the sensory neurons 4Corresponding author.by sensitization training. Furthermore, stimulation of peripheral nerves of pleural-pedal ganglia, an in vitro analog of sensitization training, increased the incorporation of labeled amino acids into CaM, PGK, and protein 3. These results indicate that increases in CaM, PGK, and protein 3 are part of the early response of sensory neurons to stimuli that produce long-term facilitation, and that CaM and protein 3 could have a role in the generation of long-term sensitization.

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Section: -D Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of specific mRNAs affected by treatments producing long-term facilitation in Aplysia.

Zwartjes

West

Hattar³

et al. 1998

Learn. Mem.

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“…The involvement of protein phosphorylation in circadian rhythm generation has been demonstrated in a number of organisms (Carre and Edmunds, 1992;Carter et al, 1991;Garceau et al, 1997;Ginty et al, 1993;Roberts et al, 1989Roberts et al, , 1992Zwartjes and Eskin, 1989). One of the most compelling instances is in the circadian system of Drosophila melanogaster, where two proteins essential for proper circadian function, PE-RIOD and TIMELESS, have been found to undergo progressive phosphorylation during a circadian cycle (Edery et al, 1994;Price et al, 1995;Zeng et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Effects on the Gonyaulax Circadian System Produced by the Protein Kinase Inhibitor Staurosporine

Hastings

1999

J Biol Rhythms

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The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine was found to cause a dramatic increase in the free-running period (FRP) of circadian rhythms in the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra, and its effect was similar when added at different phases of the circadian cycle. Chronic exposure to staurosporine lengthened the FRP by as much as 7 h without significantly affecting the amplitude or waveform of the bioluminescence rhythm. The effect on the length of the FRP occurred only above a threshold concentration, and it lasted for a limited number of cycles that depended on the dose of the drug. The FRP lengthening was not evident until 23 to 26 h after staurosporine addition, even though the drug entered Gonyaulax cells in 1 h or less. When tested in combination with bright light pulses, staurosporine was found to enhance both light-induced phase advances and delays, indicating that the drug acts on circadian phototransduction. At concentrations that alter the FRP and the response to light pulses, staurosporine appears to act on a small number of protein kinases, attenuating the activity of two individual protein kinases without affecting overall phosphate incorporation into proteins in vitro.

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“…Similar treatments with 8-bt-cAMP plus IBMX have been used previously in Aplysia Zwartjes and Eskin, 1990). 8-bt-cAMP induced a significant increase in glutamate (75 Ϯ 10%; t ϭ 3.37; n ϭ 4; p Ͻ 0.03) and glutamine (81 Ϯ 13%; t ϭ 4.22; n ϭ 4; p Ͻ 0.04) uptake 24 hr after treatment (Fig.…”

Section: Role Of Camp In the Regulation Of Glutamate And Glutamine Upmentioning

confidence: 91%

Coregulation of Glutamate Uptake and Long-Term Sensitization inAplysia

Khabour¹,

Levenson²,

Lyons³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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In Aplysia, long-term facilitation (LTF) at sensorimotor synapses of the pleural-pedal ganglia is mediated by an increase in the release of a neurotransmitter, which appears to be glutamate. Glutamate uptake also is increased in sensory neurons 24 hr after the induction of long-term sensitization (Levenson et al., 2000b). The present study investigated whether the same signaling pathways were involved in the long-term increase in glutamate uptake as in the induction of LTF. Thus, roles for cAMP, PKA (cAMP-dependent protein kinase), MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), and tyrosine kinase in the regulation of glutamate uptake were tested. We found that 5-HT increased cAMP and activated PKA in sensory neurons. Exposure of pleural-pedal ganglia to analogs of cAMP or forskolin increased glutamate uptake 24 hr after treatments. Inhibitors of PKA (KT5720), MAPK (U0126 and PD98059), and tyrosine kinase (genistein) blocked the long-term increase in glutamate uptake produced by 5-HT. In addition, bpV, a tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, facilitated the ability of subthreshold levels of 5-HT to increase glutamate uptake. Inhibition of PKC, which is not involved in LTF, had no effect on the long-term increase in glutamate uptake produced by 5-HT. Furthermore, activation of PKC by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate did not produce long-term changes in glutamate uptake. The results demonstrate that the same constellation of second messengers and kinases is involved in the long-term regulation of both glutamate release and glutamate uptake. These similarities in signaling pathways suggest that regulation of glutamate release and uptake during formation of long-term memory are coordinated through coregulation of these two processes.

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Changes in protein phosphorylation in the eye of Aplysia associated with circadian rhythm regulation by serotonin

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Identification of specific mRNAs affected by treatments producing long-term facilitation in Aplysia.

Identification of specific mRNAs affected by treatments producing long-term facilitation in Aplysia.

Novel Effects on the Gonyaulax Circadian System Produced by the Protein Kinase Inhibitor Staurosporine

Coregulation of Glutamate Uptake and Long-Term Sensitization inAplysia

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