Changes in respiration, protein and carbohydrates of tulip tepals and Alstroemeria petals during development

Collier, Donald E.

doi:10.1016/s0176-1617(97)80096-x

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Generally, the longer the petals persist, the more remobilization of nutrients is likely to occur. Patterns of dry weight-fresh weight ratio changes during wallflower petal senescence are consistent with data from other genera, such as Alstroemeria and Tulipa (Collier, 1997), Hemerocallis (Lay Yee et al, 1992), Digitalis (Stead and Moore, 1977), and Sandersonia (Eason and Webster, 1995), in which some wilting occurs before abscission. However, in wallflower, the magnitude of change between the maximal values of open flowers and heavily wilted flowers is quite low (at stage 5, fresh weight and dry weight are 41% and 67%, respectively, of the maximum) compared with Hemerocallis, in which fresh weight decreases to 2% of maximum and dry weight decreases to 33% of maximum.…”

Section: Discussion Remobilization During Petal and Leaf Senescence Isupporting

confidence: 85%

A Comparison of Leaf and Petal Senescence in Wallflower Reveals Common and Distinct Patterns of Gene Expression and Physiology

et al. 2008

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Petals and leaves share common evolutionary origins but perform very different functions. However, few studies have compared leaf and petal senescence within the same species. Wallflower (Erysimum linifolium), an ornamental species closely related to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), provide a good species in which to study these processes. Physiological parameters were used to define stages of development and senescence in leaves and petals and to align these stages in the two organs. Treatment with silver thiosulfate confirmed that petal senescence in wallflower is ethylene dependent, and treatment with exogenous cytokinin and 6-methyl purine, an inhibitor of cytokinin oxidase, suggests a role for cytokinins in this process. Subtractive libraries were created, enriched for wallflower genes whose expression is up-regulated during leaf or petal senescence, and used to create a microarray, together with 91 senescence-related Arabidopsis probes. Several microarray hybridization classes were observed demonstrating similarities and differences in gene expression profiles of these two organs. Putative functions were ascribed to 170 sequenced DNA fragments from the libraries. Notable similarities between leaf and petal senescence include a large proportion of remobilization-related genes, such as the cysteine protease gene SENESCENCE-ASSOCIATED GENE12 that was up-regulated in both tissues with age. Interesting differences included the up-regulation of chitinase and glutathione S-transferase genes in senescing petals while their expression remained constant or fell with age in leaves. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction of selected genes from the suppression subtractive hybridization libraries revealed more complex patterns of expression compared with the array data.

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Section: Discussion Remobilization During Petal and Leaf Senescence Isupporting

confidence: 85%

A Comparison of Leaf and Petal Senescence in Wallflower Reveals Common and Distinct Patterns of Gene Expression and Physiology

et al. 2008

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“…58% of the non-structural carbohydrate was starch. development [e.g., Alstroemeria pelegrina (Collier, 1997), Lilium (Bieleski et al, 2000;van der Meulen-Muisers et al, 2001), Magnolia grandiflora (Griesel, 1954), Rosa (Ho and Nichols, 1977), Tradescantia reflexa (Horie, 1961) and Turnera ulmifolia (Ball, 1933)] and the concentrations found in peony buds were similar to those published for other species. The hydrolysis of starch in peony buds is likely to drive flower opening, as has been reported in other starch-accumulating species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Seasonal patterns of starch and sugar accumulation in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactifloraPall.)

Walton

McLaren

Boldingh

2007

The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology

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“…They may also contain some less common sugars, such as various inositol compounds, Xyl, and mannitol (Nichols, 1973;Collier, 1997;Ichimura et al, 2000). It was argued in the preceding section that the presence of overall elevated levels of hexoses and Suc in cut flowers cannot be taken as a decisive argument against starvation-induced death.…”

Section: Uncut Flowersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is Petal Senescence Due to Sugar Starvation?

Doorn

2004

Plant Physiology

140

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Senescence occurs at every stage of plant development. Shriveling of the cotyledons in young plants and the seasonal recurrence of leaf yellowing are obvious examples. Similarly, after pollination, petals have fulfilled their biological role and become senescent. Despite this ubiquity, however, the molecular events that initiate senescence have thus far remained a mystery. Thimann et al. (1977) hypothesized that sugar starvation is the direct cause of leaf senescence. Later work with Arabidopsis plants, grown in the light, showed that leaves exhibit reduced expression of photosynthetic genes, after a fixed time span. The decrease in photosynthesis was followed by expression of senescence-associated genes, apparently induced by sugar starvation. If Arabidopsis leaves were held in darkness, the ensuing low carbohydrate levels also induced expression of senescenceassociated genes (Hensel et al., 1993;Quirino et al., 2000;Lam et al., 2001). However, other arguments may favor the opposite hypothesis: An increase rather than a decrease in sugar levels induces leaf senescence. Arabidopsis and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) plants in which hexokinase (which acts as a sugar sensor) was overexpressed, exhibited accelerated leaf senescence, and transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing antisense hexokinase showed delayed senescence. Additionally, sugar levels were highest in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaves that were about to senesce, compared with younger and older leaves on the same plant, and sugar treatment hastened senescence of tobacco leaf discs (Masclaux et al., 2000;Yoshida, 2003).Petal senescence may also be due to sugar starvation or sugar accumulation. Sugar starvation may be involved because application of sugars to cut flowers generally delays visible senescence. A role for sugar starvation is also suggested by the similarities between starvation-induced changes in cell physiology and those observed before cell death during senescence. However, sugar concentrations are still high when petals show the first visible senescence symptoms. What then is the role of sugars, if any, in petal senescence?Three alternative models about the cause of petal senescence are shown in Figure 1. Degradation of polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids results in mobilization of sugars and nitrogenous compounds, before visible senescence. These mobile molecules are transported, through the phloem, to other plant parts. Mobilization is common to all three models. There are at least three conceivable signals for mobilization: maturation, starvation, and sugar accumulation. According to the standard model (Fig. 1A), the maturation and starvation signals act independently. According to Thimann's model (Fig. 1B), the maturation signal results in starvation, and starvation causes expression of genes involved in mobilization. Finally, if sugar accumulation were a signal for senescence (Fig. 1C), it may also act on genes that induce mobilization. A maturation signal may precede sugar accumulation.Advanced senescence sympt...

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Changes in respiration, protein and carbohydrates of tulip tepals and Alstroemeria petals during development

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

A Comparison of Leaf and Petal Senescence in Wallflower Reveals Common and Distinct Patterns of Gene Expression and Physiology

A Comparison of Leaf and Petal Senescence in Wallflower Reveals Common and Distinct Patterns of Gene Expression and Physiology

Seasonal patterns of starch and sugar accumulation in herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactifloraPall.)

Is Petal Senescence Due to Sugar Starvation?

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