Changes in reticular pseudodrusen area in eyes that progressed from early to late age-related macular degeneration

Kaszubski, Patrick A.; Ami, Tal Ben; Saade, Celine; Nabati, Camellia; Kumar, Vivek; Santos, Ana Rita; Silva, Rufino; Cachulo, Maria da Luz; Cunha-Vaz, Josè; Rjh, Smith

doi:10.1007/s10792-017-0485-7

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Although these patients with unilateral nAMD are at high risk of progression, observing the presence of RPD in fellow‐eyes renders an additional risk of progression . RPD are of prognostic significance in the progression of AMD and are independently associated with progression towards GA (progression rate of 15.3% in two years) and nAMD (progression rate of 30.7% in two years) regardless of the disease stage based on other features . In addition, dot pseudodrusen are more often associated with the development of nAMD (relative risk [RR] 2.53), while confluent pseudodrusen are associated with the development of GA (RR 4.35) .…”

Section: Phenotypic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for progression of age‐related macular degeneration

Heesterbeek

Lorés‐Motta

Hoyng

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

257

224

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Purpose Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disease of the macula, often leading to progressive vision loss. The rate of disease progression can vary among individuals and has been associated with multiple risk factors. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature investigating phenotypic, demographic, environmental, genetic, and molecular risk factors, and propose the most consistently identified risk factors for disease progression in AMD based on these studies. Finally, we describe the potential use of these risk factors for personalised healthcare. Recent findings While phenotypic risk factors such as drusen and pigment abnormalities become more important to predict disease progression during the course of the disease, demographic, environmental, genetic and molecular risk factors are more valuable at earlier disease stages. Demographic and environmental risk factors such as age and smoking are consistently reported to be related to disease progression, while other factors such as sex, body mass index (BMI) and education are less often associated. Of all known AMD variants, variants that are most consistently reported with disease progression are rs10922109 and rs570618 in CFH, rs116503776 in C2/CFB/SKIV2L, rs3750846 in ARMS2/HTRA1 and rs2230199 in C3. However, it seems likely that other AMD variants also contribute to disease progression but to a lesser extent. Rare variants have probably a large effect on disease progression in highly affected families. Furthermore, current prediction models do not include molecular risk factors, while these factors can be measured accurately in the blood. Possible promising molecular risk factors are High‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL‐C), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), zeaxanthin and lutein. Summary Phenotypic, demographic, environmental, genetic and molecular risk factors can be combined in prediction models to predict disease progression, but the selection of the proper risk factors for personalised risk prediction will differ among individuals and is dependent on their current disease stage. Future prediction models should include a wider set of genetic variants to determine the genetic risk more accurately, and rare variants should be taken into account in highly affected families. In addition, adding molecular factors in prediction models may lead to preventive strategies and personalised advice.

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Section: Phenotypic Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for progression of age‐related macular degeneration

Heesterbeek

Lorés‐Motta

Hoyng

et al. 2020

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

257

224

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2,[11][12][13][14][15] This finding is particularly significant as RPD are very common in AMD 16,17 and are highly correlated with disease progression to late AMD; geographic atrophy and neovascular AMD. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] In addition, RPD are more likely distributed at superior perifoveal retina, while the common drusen in AMD are more at central fovea. [26][27][28] Therefore, understanding the nature of the rod function in AMD and its relationship with the presence of RPD is currently of interest as new instruments have now made it more practical to measure rod function at different locations within the retina.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Assessment of Rod Function in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration With and Without Reticular Pseudodrusen

Tan

Guymer

Aung

et al. 2019

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE. To evaluate rod function longitudinally in intermediate age-related macular degeneration subjects with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) and without RPD (AMD). METHODS. Retinal sensitivities (505 and 625 nm) during dark adaptation, at 14 locations within the central 128 macula were obtained after photobleaching at baseline and 12-month visits. Pointwise sensitivity differences between both stimuli were used to assess static rod function, while rod intercept time (RIT) and rod recovery rate (RRR) were used to evaluate dynamic function. Changes in function over time were compared between groups. RESULTS. A total of 23 controls, 12 AMD, and 13 RPD cases were followed-up. At baseline, the RPD group had significantly worst static and dynamic rod function compared to AMD and control groups. Static function in AMD was similar to controls. Static and dynamic function across the central 128 was consistent in controls; however, it was most impaired at 48 compared to 128 eccentricity in disease groups. Over 12 months, no AMD cases progressed clinically and static function in AMD improved (P 0.04), but remained unchanged in control and RPD groups (P ‡ 0.17). The RRR for control and RPD groups remained stable, while the AMD group deteriorated, but only at 128 (P ¼ 0.02). The RIT was stable in AMD (P ¼ 0.75) and RPD (P ¼ 0.71) groups but improved in the control group (P ¼ 0.002). CONCLUSIONS. A decrease in RRR was detected over 12 months at 128 eccentricity in the AMD group. Evaluating changes in rod function requires testing at multiple locations including the peripheral macula.

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“…Although they are not pathognomonic for AMD [46][47][48], they are related to AMD-associated genetic variants [41,49]. This study identifies both DPED and HRF as risk factors for progression, and could be considered as a sign of local inflammation in the early stages of AMD before progression [17,43,50]. It is known that several systemic markers are associated with both chronic inflammation and disease activity [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Major Predictive Factors for Progression of Early to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration

et al. 2020

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Introduction: We present a prediction model for progression from early/intermediate to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) within 5.9 years. Objectives: To evaluate the combined role of genetic, nongenetic, and phenotypic risk factors for conversion from early to late AMD over ≥5 years. Methods: Baseline phenotypic characteristics were evaluated based on color fundus photography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, and infrared images. Genotyping for 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms as well as systemic lipid and complement measurements were performed. Multivariable backward logistic regression resulted in a final prediction model. Results and Conclusions: During a mean of 5.9 years of follow-up, 22.4% (n = 52) of the patients (n = 232) showed progression to late AMD. The multivariable prediction model included age, CFH variant rs1061170, pigment abnormalities, drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment (DPED), and hyperreflective foci (HRF). The model showed an area under the curve of 0.969 (95% confidence interval 0.948–0.990) and adequate calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow test, p = 0.797). In addition to advanced age and carrying a CFH variant, pigment abnormalities, DPED, and HRF are relevant imaging biomarkers for conversion to late AMD. In clinical routine, an intensified monitoring of patients with a high-risk phenotypic profile may be suitable for the early detection of conversion to late AMD.

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Changes in reticular pseudodrusen area in eyes that progressed from early to late age-related macular degeneration

Abstract: Using 3 en face imaging techniques, we demonstrate that RPD undergo dynamic spatiotemporal changes in eyes that progress from early AMD to CNV, namely a decrease in the area of lesions detected.

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Risk factors for progression of age‐related macular degeneration

Risk factors for progression of age‐related macular degeneration

Longitudinal Assessment of Rod Function in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration With and Without Reticular Pseudodrusen

Major Predictive Factors for Progression of Early to Late Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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